1. Redefining Planck Mass: Unlocking the Fundamental Quantum of the Universe John R. Laubenstein Senior Scientist IWPD Research Center jrlaubenstein@iwpd.org Tel: 630-428-9842 2008 APS April Meeting St. Louis, Missouri April 13, 2008

2. Part 1 A New Model for the Expansion of Space

7. No parameters to be hand-set No fine-tuning No initial conditions ADVANTAGES

8. A universe at an age of 14.2 B Accelerating rate of expansion A physical relationship between the electron, proton and the fundamental mass A quantum theory of Gravity RESULTS

9. Part 2 Calculating Absolute Planck Values

10. Planck Values are not Absolute Units  Derived from combinations of the fundamental constants: c, h-bar, G  Require an arbitrary normalization that constrains the fundamental constants to a value of unity: c = h-bar = G = 1  No physical evidence supports these assumptions

11. Planck Length and Time vs. Planck Mass Planck Length and Time: Planck Mass:

12. If G is set to 1, then the relative gravitational force between an electron- electron pair can be expressed using consistent units of..

13. The relative strength of the electrostatic force may be expressed using the same units of force established for Gravity.

14. The inverse fine structure number can be derived h-bar, c, k and e.

15. Through substitution it can be shown that:

16. Through further manipulation using the relationship between G and h ( ) it can be shown that:

17. This results in a relationship between G, k and e

18. Through further manipulation using the relationship between G and h ( ) it can be shown that:

19. Resulting in a Fundamental Mass of:

20. Simplifying to an Absolute Fundamental Mass of:

21. The relative electrostatic to gravitation force observed in nature:

22. Quantum Scale Equivalence between length, time and mass This fundamental mass joins Planck Length and Planck Time as the smallest possible (fundamental) quantum. Fundamental mass, length and time are all different manifestations of the same fundamental quantum of the universe.

23. 35 Steps to a New Fundamental Mass (IWPD Research Center) Energime: A Theory of Everything – Yet, Almost Nothing at All (IWPD Publications, 2005) Absolute Planck Values: Moving Beyond the Arbitrary Assignment of Unity (Sciprint.org) Unifying the Geometry of General Relativity with the Virtual Particle Nature of Quantum Mechanics (Sciprint.org) IWPD Resources / Documentation