1. Chemical Reactions chem rxns Everything in living organisms based on chem rxns: Growth, interaction with environment, reproduction, movement…..

2. Chemical Reactions Chemical Reaction: involves breaking of bonds in reactants and formation of bonds in the products –The breaking of ionic bonds, covalent bonds, & Van der Waals Forces. iron + oxygen = Rust hydrogen gas + oxygen = Fire

3. Rxn of Carbon dioxide in your body: CO 2 from cells  transported to lungs by bloodstream  exhale C0 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid ~into lungs) H 2 CO 3  CO 2 + H 2 O (carbon dioxide ~exhale) C0 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 Reactants Products Reactants- elements or compounds that start a chem rxn Products- elements or compounds produced by chem rxn

4. Chemical Reactions ENERGY RELEASED IN REACTIONS when bonds are formed or broken in form of HEAT **In order to survive, all living things need too carry out chemical reactions that require energy*** Sun  plants  animals consume  humans release energy 4 Main Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino Acids, & Proteins

5. Reaction Rates Catalyst: substance that speeds up rate of chemical rxn Enzymes: proteins that cells use as catalysts (speed up) for chem rxns in cells, but remain unchanged –Act on a specific substrate (reactant that enzyme acts upon) Activation Energy: the energy needed to begin a reaction or to break bonds for the rxn to start

6. Binding Site The active site is where the reaction takes place Substrate connects at the active site and products produced, then leave. Shape of binding site determines what substrate connects to it; reason why it is substrate specific

7. Effects of Temp & pH Enzyme Activity affected by both: 1.Temperature:2.pH:

9. Assignment: graph the following data for enzymes rxn Number of Molecules of Product Formed per Minute (x10 6 ) Amount of Substrate (g) pH 7pH 3pH 11 Test Tube 1 0.5721924 Test Tube 2 1.01453949 Test Tube 3 2.030082103 Test Tube 4 4.035096121 Test Tube 5 8.035096121 Number of Molecules of Product Formed per Minute (x10 6 ) pH0.5 g2.0 g8.0 g Test Tube 1 3198296 Test Tube 2 539168198 Test Tube 3 772300350 Test Tube 4 945189223 Test Tube 5 1124103121 Data Table 1: Substrate Concentration Data Table 2: pH Levels

10. Elements Page I’m a real caffeine molecule