1. Gait Training - I

2. Normal Gait & Abnormal Gait

3. 60%
40%

8. Abnormal gait Stance phase Antalgic gait Lateral trunk bending
Anterior trunk bending
Posterior trunk bending
Lordosis
Hyperextended knee
Excessive knee flexion
Excessive Genu Valgum or Varum
Inadequate Dorsi-flexion control
Insufficient Push-off
Abnormal walking base
Internal or external limb rotation
Excessive medial or lateral foot contact
Vaulting

9. Swing phase Circumduction Hip hiking
Internal or external limb rotation
Inadequate Dorsiflexion control
Abnormal walking base

10. Antalgic gait
Pain in stance phase : knee, hip, foot pain

11. Lateral trunk bending Hip abductor weakness
Hip dislocation, coxa vara, slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Hip pain
Involved limb relatively shorter
Compensation for abducted gait

12. Trendelenberg gait
Gluteus Medius Gait

13. Anterior Trunk Bending
Quadriceps weakness combined with weakness of gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius, or both
Pushing backward with the hand / lateral rotation

14. Posterior Trunk Bending
Gluteus Maximus (Lurch) Gait
Hip-extensor weakness
Knee ankylosis, spasticity or orthotic knee lock
Hip-extensor spasticity

15. Hyper-extended knee Quadriceps weakness Capsular ligament laxity
Quadriceps spasticity
Plantar-flexion contracture or spasticity
Compensation for contralateral limb shortening (hip-flexion or knee-flexion contracture)

16. Excessive knee flexion
Knee-flexion or hip-flexion contracture
Knee-flexor spasticity
Uncompensated quadriceps weakness
Ankle ankylosis
Plantar-flexor weakness
Involved limb relatively longer

17. Steppage gait
- Ankle dorsiflexor weakness : compensate by exaggerated hip and knee flexion
Foot drop / dragging

18. Slap foot
Ankle dorsiflexor weakness : early stance phase

19. Insufficient Push-Off
Flat foot gait
Plantar-flexor weakness
Rupture of the Archilles tendon or the triceps surae
Metatarsal pain, hallux rigidus

20. Internal or External Limb Rotation
Internal rotation
Biceps femoris weakness
spasticity
External rotation
Quadriceps weakness
Inner hamstring weakness
Spasticity

21. Abnormal walking base Wide Base (> 4 inch)
Hip-abduction contracture
Instability due to fear, proprioceptive deficit, cerebellar problem
Narrow base (< 2 inch)
Spasticity
Genu varum
Genu valgum

22. Vaulting
Swing-phase limb is relatively longer

23. Hip hiking Increased ipsilateral length:
hip -flexor or dorsiflexor weakness
hip, knee, ankle ankylosis or spasticity
insufficient hip or knee flexion
Contralateral shortness

24. Circumduction Spasticity Hip flexor weakness Hamstring paralysis
Knee or ankle ankylosis / orthotic knee lock
Dorsiflexor weakness
Plantar-flexion contracture

25. Scissor gait
In spastic CP with spasticity of adductor m.

26. Crouched Gait
Excessive flexion of hip and knee due to spasticity, muscle tightness or contracture
Spastic CP

27. Parkinsonian gait Trunk ,head ,neck forward and knee flexed
wide base ,small shuffling step
trend to fall forward and to increase speed (festination)

28. Hemiplegic gait
Abnormal arm swing : adduction with flexion at shoulder ,elbow ,wrist and fingers
extensor synergy of lower limb: leg extension ,adduction and hip IR ,knee extension ,ankle and foot plantarflexion and inversion.