1. Ch 12 The Age of Jackson

2.  During his presidency, Andrew Jackson makes political and economic decisions that strongly affect the nation.

3. Section 1  Politics of the People

4. Politics of the People  Andrew Jackson’s election to the presidency in 1828 brings a new era of popular democracy.

5.  Election of 1824 Election of 1824 Election of 1824

6. The Election of 1824  Democratic-Republican party has four presidential candidates: –John Quincy Adams has New England’s support –William Crawford has South’s support

7. The Election of 1824 –Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson both have the West’s support  Jackson wins popular votes but he fails to get majority of electoral votes  House of Representatives chooses John Quincy Adams

8. Jacksonian Democracy  Andrew Jackson feels 1824 election has been stolen from him  Aims to win next election and he helps to split Democratic- Republican party

9. Jacksonian Democracy  Split eventually creates 2 parties: –1) Democrats - grow out of Jackson’s supporters –2) National Republicans - grow from Adams’s supporters

10.  New Political Parties New Political Parties New Political Parties

11. Jacksonian Democracy  Jackson backs interests of common people and supports majority rule  Jacksonian democracy— political power for all people and majority rule

12. The People’s President  Andrew Jackson is the first president not from aristocratic background  Grows up on frontier farm and fights in the Revolutionary War were he was taken prisoner

13. The People’s President  After the war he becomes a lawyer and later a hero in War of 1812

14. Section 2  Jackson’s Policy Toward Native Americans

15. Jackson’s Policy Toward Native Americans  During Jackson’s presidency the Native Americans are forced to move west of the Mississippi River.

16.  Jackson and the Native Americans Jackson and the Native Americans Jackson and the Native Americans

17. Jackson’s Removal Policy  Andrew Jackson wants to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi River  Jackson believes Native Americans have one of two choices:

18. Jackson’s Removal Policy –1) adopt white culture and become U.S. citizens –2) move into Western territories  Gold is found in Georgia and Southern states give whites right to the Cherokee land

19. Jackson’s Removal Policy  Cherokee protest but President Andrew Jackson supports states  Congress passes Indian Removal Act (1830) which:

20. Jackson’s Removal Policy –requires Native Americans to relocate west  Policy forever changes relations between whites and Native Americans

21.  Indian Removal Act Indian Removal Act Indian Removal Act

22. The Trail of Tears  Many Native Americans feel they have no choice but to sign treaties  Treaties require tribes to move to Indian Territory  Indian Territory—what is now Oklahoma, parts of Kansas, and Nebraska

23. The Trail of Tears  Beginning in 1831, Southeast tribes relocate to Indian Territory  Cherokee appeal decision to U.S. Supreme Court, to protect land  Court upholds appeal but Andrew Jackson ignores it

24. The Trail of Tears  U.S. troops force 16,000 Cherokee to march west in the fall and winter of 1838– 1839  Without adequate clothing, about one-fourth of Cherokees die

25. The Trail of Tears  Harsh journey of the Cherokee becomes known as the Trail of Tears  Harsh journey of the Cherokee becomes known as the Trail of Tears

26.  Trail of Tears interactive map Trail of Tears interactive map Trail of Tears interactive map

27. Section 3  Conflicts over States’ Rights

28. Conflicts over States’ Rights  Jackson struggles to keep Southern states from breaking away from the Union over the issue of tariffs.

29. Rising Sectional Differences  In 1829, U.S. pulled apart by conflicts among its three main sections: –the Northeast –the South –the West

30. Rising Sectional Differences  Northeasterners do not want public land in West sold at low prices –Cheap land attracts workers needed in Northeast factories  Westerners want cheap land in the West to attract settlers

31. Rising Sectional Differences  Northeast and the West back internal improvement such as roads, canals –Roads and canals aid transportation of food, raw materials, and manufactured goods

32. Rising Sectional Differences  South opposes internal improvement funded by tariffs on imports  South opposes tariffs because it’s economy depends on foreign trade

33. Rising Sectional Differences  Northeast supports tariffs because they encourage purchases of domestic products

34.  Nullification Nullification

35. Crisis over Nullification  Vice-president John C. Calhoun creates doctrine of nullification: –1) state has right to reject federal law it considers unconstitutional –2) any state can nullify (reject) a federal law within its borders

36. Crisis over Nullification –3) Congress has no right to pass tariff favoring one area of nation  Doctrine gives South Carolina the right to nullify the tariff  Calhoun hopes doctrine will stop South Carolina from leaving the Union

37. The States’ Right Debate  Senate debates doctrine of nullification in the Webster- Hayne debate (1830)  Senator Robert Y. Hayne, South Carolina, supports nullification: –gives states a lawful way to defend their freedom

38. The States’ Right Debate  Senator Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, opposes nullification: –the people not the states make the Union  President Andrew Jackson opposes nullification

39. Section 4  Prosperity and Panic

40.  Jackson’s War on the National Bank Jackson’s War on the National Bank Jackson’s War on the National Bank

41. Prosperity and Panic  Jackson’s policies cause the economy to collapse after he leaves office and affect the next election.

42.  Martin Van Buren as President Martin Van Buren as President Martin Van Buren as President

43. The Rise of the Whig Party  Senators Henry Clay and Daniel Webster want government to help economy  Martin Van Buren disagrees, economy will improve if left alone  At next election, Van Buren faces new political party, the Whig Party

44. The Rise of the Whig Party  Whigs oppose concentration of power in the president  Choose William Henry Harrison to run for president  Choose John Tyler to run for vice-president

45. The Election of 1840  William Henry Harrison appeals to common people, wins 1840 election  Dies one month after being inaugurated

46. The Election of 1840  First president to die in office  Vice-president John Tyler becomes president