1. Enduring Understandings 1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war. 2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation. 3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties. 1.Finish page 7 War Affects the World 2.Intro to how WWI ended 3.Complete page 8 – graphically organize understanding of how the war ended with the Treaty of Versailles. 4.Compare how the Treaty of Versailles compared with the Congress of Vienna and the lessons to be learned from the differences by completing page 9. 5.Work with groups on storybook

2.  By 1917, the Russian government nears collapse as civil unrest and wartime shortages plague the empire  Czar Nicholas II abdicates his throne in March 1917  Lenin and his Bolsheviks seize power  Russia pulls out of the war in early 1918

3. War on Eastern Front ends Russia has to give up lands now in: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Ukraine, Poland and Finland – all given to Germany

4.  With Russia’s withdrawal, Germany achieves a victory on the Eastern Front  Though Germany’s eastern troops head west, fresh American troops give the Allies an edge to win the second Battle of the Marne  German troops are exhausted – Americans are fresh  German materials are worn down and supplies, including food was very limited – Americans arrive with new machines and lots of food  After the 2 nd Battle of the Marne, Germany is forced to retreat  German citizens are tired, worn out, and fed up with war

5.  Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrender  Revolution against emperor of Austria-Hungary  Mutiny in Germany  The Kaiser abdicates,  Germany and the Allies sign an armistice, ending the war on November 11th, 1918

7.  Conference to establish terms of peace after WWI  Represented by the “Big Four” o Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States (14 points proposal) o Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France o David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great Britain o Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy  Not represented—Russia, Germany, German allies  Does this seem right?

8. 1. Open covenants of peace openly arrived at 2. Freedom of the seas 3. Freedom from trade barriers 4. Reduction of armaments 5. Impartial adjustment of colonial claims 6. Evacuation of Russian territory and Russian self-determination 7. Evacuation and restoration of Belgium 8. Evacuation of France and restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to France 9. Readjustment of Italian frontiers 10. Independent development for the peoples of Austria-Hungary 11. Readjustments in the Balkans 12. Independent development for the non-Turkish nationalities of the Ottoman Empire and the opening of the Dardanelles 13. Restoration of an independent Poland with access to the sea and 14. Establishment of a general association of nations.

10.  Treaty punishes Germany o Excludes Germany from League of Nations o Seizes all colonial possessions in Africa and the Pacific o Restricted the size and activities of its military o Forced to accept full responsibility for the war o Required to pay war reparations  Creates new nations (see map 1918 Europe—pg. 382 or 857)  Establishes a League of Nations, an international organization whose goal would be to keep peace among nations

11.  The war leaves 8.5 million soldiers dead and 21 million wounded, as well as millions of civilians dead and wounded  The war costs $338 billion, destroys land and towns in Europe and Russia, and causes disillusionment in society, as an entire generation of Europeans is lost  Treaty of Versailles would not lead to a lasting peace, but instead serve as a cause of WWII