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Ch. 10: The Mole
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Sec. 10.1: Measuring Matter Objectives Describe how a mole is used in chemistry. Relate a mole to common counting units. Convert moles to number of representative particles and vice versa.
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The Mole In simplest terms, a mole is 6.02 x 10 23 representative particles of a substance. A representative particle is the particle, (such as atom, molecule, formula unit, electron or ion) that a substance is found in.
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Representative Particle For example, 1 mole of water is 6.02 x 10 23 molecules of water
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One mole of iron is 6.02 x 10 23 atoms of Fe. Representative Particle
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1 mole of NaCl is 6.02 x 10 23 formula units of NaCl. (Remember, ionic compounds come in formula units.)
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Representative Particle l mol of Na ions (Na + ) is 6.02 x 10 23 ions 1 mol Cl ions (Cl - ) is 6.02 x 10 23 ions.
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The Mole 6.0221367 x 10 23 is called Avogadro’s number in honor of Amedo Avogadro who, in 1811, determined the volume of one mole of a gas.
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How big is a mole? 602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 This is an enormous number used to count extremely small particles.
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Mole Conversions 1 mole of anything is 6.02 x 10 23 particles of that thing. Therefore, for any substance, you can convert from the number of moles to the number of particles (and vice versa) using DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS. Example: How many atoms are in 2.18 moles of Zn?
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Mole Conversions How many molecules of sucrose are in 4.53 moles of sucrose? Given 7.69 mol AgNO 3, determine the number of formula units.
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Mole Conversions What do we do if we want to find out how many moles are represented by a certain number of representative particles ?
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Mole Conversions How many moles in 5.75 x 10 24 atoms Al? How many moles in 3.75 x 10 24 molecules of CO 2 ? How many moles in 3.58 x 10 23 formula units ZnCl 2 ?
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