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FAS, Dairy, Livestock & Poultry Division, 1997 U.S. role in the global dairy industry
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Michigan and the U.S. dairy industry, 2001 Hoard’s Dairyman, 147(6):231
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Dairy: Historical Trends (United States) Milk/cow Cows Total Milk 197019801990 Cows 1930195019701990 25x10 6 21x10 6 12x10 6 9.8x10 6 Yield: (1997) 16,915 Average pounds per cow per year 1997 9.25x10 6
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Michigan Dairy Industry 1999 Milk prod., billion lbs5.46 Yield/cow, lbs18,244 Dairy cows299,000 Dairy farms3700 MDA & MASS, 1999-2000
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Types of Dairy Farms Milking Cows Only Heifer growers Crop Farmers - contract with dairy producers to supply feed material Total Enterprise - milk cows, raise own replacements, raise own crops for feed for livestock
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Size of dairy farms NASS, 1998
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Location of Dairy Farms
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(Bokemeier et al. 1995. Decisions for the future: Dairy farming in Michigan; MSU AES Res. Rpt. 540) Decisions for the Future: Dairy Farming in Michigan Future Profiles of MI Dairy Farmers (n = 445) Survey Summary Importance of profitability Importance of dairy farming both as a business and a way of life Few operators were concerned only with financial, or only with life quality >75%: good place to raise a family, to work outdoors, do things “own way” >80%: paying down debt, enough money, income and profitability
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Table appears below graph
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Gross Chemical Composition. Average composition 87.3% Water 3.7% Fat 3.4% Protein 4.9% Lactose 0.7% Ash
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The future for dairy farming Greater environmental restrictions Higher production and greater efficiency per cow Increased use of technology and milk output per worker Fewer and larger farms; overall fewer cows Novel dairy products and processes
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Registration Numbers 2001 Breed Annual Registrations (1,000 animals) Holstein 314.8 Jersey 67.7 Brown Swiss 10.0 Guernsey 6.0 Ayrshire 4.6 Hoard’s Dairyman, 2002
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Ayrshire Origin -- Scotland 305 d milk yield, 2x/d mature equivalent – 16,864 lbs –3.3% protein –3.9% fat Red and white ~ 1200 lbs mature weight
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Holstein Origin – Holland 305 d, 2x, ME –24,755 lbs –3.2% protein –3.6% fat Black and white ~ 1500 lbs mature weight
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GUERNSEY Origin -- Isle of Guernsey 305 d, 2x ME –15,143 lbs –3.5% protein –4.5% fat Fawn and white ~1100 lbs mature weight
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JERSEY Origin -- Isle of Jersey 305 d, 2x ME –17,680 lbs –3.7% protein –4.6% fat Light fawn to nearly black ~1000 lbs mature weight
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Brown Swiss Origin -- Switzerland 305 d, 2x ME –20,972 lbs –3.4% protein –4.0% fat Light to dark brown ~ 1450 lbs mature weight
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Evaluating Dairy Cows
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Type Classification Registered, ID grade, grade Official type classification by breed associations Varies according to age & stage of lactation Excellent – 90 and over Very Good – 85 to 89 Good Plus - 80 to 84 Good – 75 to 79
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Parts of a dairy cow
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Composition of a Dairy Herd Management GroupsStage Number Heifers (Nulliparous)Birth to 24 Mos150 * Birth-->Wean6 Wks * Wean-->Puberty1.5 to 12 Mos * Puberty-->Conception12 to 15 Mos * Conc.-->~ 30 d prepartum 15 to 23 Mos Cows (Parous) 200 * Prepartum ( ~30 d) 23 to 24 Mos * LACTATINGCalving-->305 d preg. * Early Calving-->90 d * Middle91 d to 200 d * Late201 d to 305 d * Dry 60 d-->1 d Prepartum
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Did you know? 300-500 lbs. of blood circulate through the udder to produce 1 lb. milk The record milk yield is ~70,000 lbs./lactation
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