1. 10 CMH Human and Social Biology CELLS Crated by Reynaldo Thomas

2. GENERAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson students should :
Be cognizant that all organisms are made up from cell.
Be cognizant of unspecialized plant and animal cells.
Identify cell organelles.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson students should be able to :
Tell the importance of cells.
Draw simple diagram of unspecialized cells in plant and animal.
Label and state the functions of each cell components.

3. The cell All organisms are made up of simple basic units called cells.
Most cells are too small
to be seen by the naked
eye.
Their structure only
visible when viewed
with a microscope.

4. The Structure of cells Organisms, such as bacteria and
amoeba are unicellular, consisting
of a single cell.
They are able to carry out all the
functions needed to sustain life.
Example respiration, nutrition and
Reproduction.

5. Most plants and animals are multicellular
They have different types of cell organized into tissues and then organs.
The cells are specialized
to carry out specific
functions.

6. Specialized Cells In The Human Body
While many cells make up simple body parts, such as tissues, some complete more complex and specialized tasks.
These specialized cells are specially designed to perform the functions for which they are intended.
Each of these cell types are formed and operate differently, ensuring that the cell can carry out the necessary body function that it is intended to complete. Example red blood cells, white blood cells and nerve cells.

7. Nerve cells
A nerve cell is like a receiver, transmitter and transmission line with the task of passing a signal.
Conducts nerve impulses.

8. Specialized cells of the human body
Epithelial cell
Line the cavities and surfaces of structures in the body
Form many glands
it help in secretion, selective absorption and protection

9. Sperm cell
Specialize to fertilize egg.
the tail allows the sperm cell to swim towards the female sex cell.

10. Egg cells
Have a large nucleus containing genetic information from the female.
Store food in the cytoplasm.

11. Red Blood Cells
Transport oxygen from lungs to the body cells for cellular respiration.
Haemoglobin of the cytoplasm carries the oxygen.

12. White Blood Cell Also called leucocytes Have a nucleus
White blood cells destroys bacteria
Two types phagocytes and lymphocytes
Phagocytes engulf microorganisms in a process called phagocytosis.
Lymphocytes produce
antibodies which kill
microorganisms.

13. Muscle Cell
These cells contract so that movement can take place at joints.
Muscle cells are long.

14. Specialized Plant Cells
Root hair Cell
Absorbs minerals and water from the water in the soil.
The cell’s surface area is increase by the long root hair.

15. Xylem Vessel
Transport water throughout the plant.
This cell has no cytoplasm.

16. Unspecialized cells
1. Without specialty or specialization.
2. Having no special function and found in all multi cellular organisms.

17. The Structure of cells Animal cell Has a irregular shape
Do not usually have vacuoles but if present, they are very small.
Cell membrane surrounding
the cell contents.

18. Plant cell Plant cells has a rectangular shape.
Have all the components of Animal cells and other parts.

19. Cell Organelles
Cell membrane
Forms the boundary between the cell contents and the surroundings.
Control the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
All cell activities take place here.
Contains the cell organelles for example mitochondria and ribosomes.

20. Nucleus
This is where chromosomes are found
The nucleus controls the cell’s activities.
Mitochondrion
This is where cellular respiration take place.
Where energy for cell activities are release.
Cells which are more active contain more mitochondria.

21. Cell wall
This is a non-living layer outside of plants cell membrane.
The cell wall allow substances to pass through it freely.
Vacuole
Large in plant cells and contain water (cell sap).
Small and sometimes not permanent in animal cells.

22. Chloroplast
The green pigment chlorophyll is found in it.
This is where photosynthesis take place.
Not found in animal cells.
Ribosome
Makes protein

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Provides a surface for the ribosomes.
Transports materials throughout the cell.

24. Differences Between Plant And Animal Cell
Cell Parts
Animal cell
Plant cell
Shape
Irregular shape
Rectangular shape
Cell wall
No cell wall
Cell wall present
Vacuole
small vacuole
large vacuole
Chloroplast
No chloroplast
Chloroplast present
Chlorophyll
No chlorophyll
Chlorophyll present

25. Comparing plant and animal cells
Both animal and plan cells contain the following:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Ribosomes

26. From cells to Organisms
Cell --tissues --organs --organ system--body
Cells and Tissues
Cells with similar structure and function are grouped together to form tissues.
Cells in a particular kind of tissue work together to perform the same function.

27. Organs and Organ Systems
Tissues combine to form organs.
An organ is a group of tissues that works together to perform a specific function.
An organ system is a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions.