1. Cell Specialization
Mr. Pontifis
NGC

2. Plant Cells

3. Palisade Mesophyll Cell
Structure: contain many chloroplasts; organized shaped (rectangle)
Function: located at the top layer of leaf for photosynthesis

4. Guard Cell
Structure: long elongated shaped cell, together they look like a set of lips
Function: regulate how open or closed stomata are by changing shape; also control gas exchange during photosynthesis.

5. Parenchyma Cells ( stems)
Structure: large round cells containing large vacuoles
Function: Synthesize organize products in plants for metabolism and photosynthesis

6. Sieve Tube Elements (stem, root, leaves)
Structure: hallow cylindrical cells, arranged parallel to each other
Function: active food source for plants

7. Companion Cell (root/stem)
Structure: spindle shaped, attached to sieve tube element; large nucleus
Function: control the sieve tube element

8. Collenchyma (stem)
Structure: think cellulose cell walls and chloroplasts
Function: have a support function in plants esp. in young plants by supporting and strengthening

9. Sclerenchyma (stem) Structure: spherical and have large vacuoles.
Function: support function in plants, more rigid than collenchyma. Most abundant cell in plants

10. Meristem (root/stem)
Structure: locating at the tip of the roots of plants; capable of elongation as the plant grows
Function: stem cells found in plants, continuously produce new cells

11. Animal Cells

12. Red Blood Cell
Structure: Disk-shaped, flat, and flexible cells lacking a nucleus.
Function: Carry oxygen from lungs to cells throughout the body. Cells contain large amount of hemoglobin which binds to oxygen so it can be carried.

13. White Blood Cell
Structure: contain nucleus and organelles larger than RBCs, spherical, irregular shape.
Function: They produce antibodies and kill foreign or virally altered cells.

14. Skeletal Muscle Cell
Structure: bundle of muscle fibers attached to bone. Contain a lot of calcium
Function: movement of skeleton and organs such as tongue and eyeballs.

15. Cardiac Muscle Cell
Structure: single nucleus and many mitochondria; cells are branched and connected like a net
Function: pacemaker of the heart.

16. Smooth Muscle Cell
Structure: spindle shaped cell with a central nucleus arranged in strands and layers.
Function: involuntary muscle movement

17. Epithelial
Structure: come in multiple shapes and lay together like sheets
Function: boundary/protection, sensory, transportation, secretion, and movement

18. Neuron Structure: Very long and thin
Function: sends information from one part of the body to another

19. Osteocyte Structure: star shaped cell containing a nucleus
Function: bone forming cell

20. Sex Cells
Sperm
Structure: snake like structure consisting of a head (nucleus), mid-piece (mitochondria), and flagellum(tail). At the tip of the head there are specialized lysosome containing enzyme to break down the outer layer of the ovum.
Function: nucleus contains the father’s DNA material
Ovum:
Structure: round shaped cell with a nucleus
Function: stores genetic material for the female

21. Rod/Cone Cell
Structure: located in the eyes, one is cylindrical and other is cone shaped. The outer segment consist of stacks of numerous light sensitive folds of membrane.
Function: light receptors in the eyes

22. Phagocyte
Structure: a specific type of white blood cell, has similar structure
Function: Rid the body of bacteria and other pathogens via an ingestion process called phagocytosis

23. Adipocyte Structure: tiny bag shaped filled with fat; small nucleus.
Function: insulate, provide cushion, and provide energy