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Tissue Structure and Function
Different tissues have different structures that are suited to their functions The relationship between structure and function is a major and important theme in biology Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
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Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue Cartilage Fibrous connective
Fig. 40-5c Connective Tissue Collagenous fiber Loose connective tissue Chondrocytes Cartilage 120 µm 100 µm Elastic fiber Chondroitin sulfate Nuclei Fat droplets Fibrous connective tissue Adipose tissue 30 µm 150 µm Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues Osteon White blood cells Bone Blood 700 µm 55 µm Central canal Plasma Red blood cells
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Loose connective tissue
Fig. 40-5d Collagenous fiber 120 µm Elastic fiber Loose connective tissue Loose Connective Tissue Structure: cells in a loose fibrous matrix Function: binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Fibrous connective tissue
Fig. 40-5e Nuclei Fibrous connective tissue 30 µm Dense Connective Tissue Structure: cells embedded in a dense matrix of fibers Function: tendons, which attach muscles to bones, and ligaments, which connect bones at joints Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Cartilage Chondrocytes Cartilage
Fig. 40-5g Chondrocytes Chondroitin sulfate Cartilage 100 µm Cartilage Structure: cells in a gum-like matrix some types are elastic others are non elastic Function: strong and/or flexible support material Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Bone Osteon Bone Structure: cells embedded in mineralized matrix
Fig. 40-5f Osteon Central canal Bone 700 µm Bone Structure: cells embedded in mineralized matrix Function: forms the skeleton Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Adipose tissue Fat droplets Adipose tissue
Fig. 40-5h Fat droplets Adipose tissue 150 µm Adipose tissue Structure: cells with large storage vacuoles Function: stores fat for insulation and fuel Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Blood White blood cells Blood
Fig. 40-5i White blood cells Plasma Red blood cells 55 µm Blood Blood Structure: composed of blood cells and cell fragments in blood plasma (liquid matrix) Function: transport nutrients, waste, oxygen, carbon dioxide, fight intruders Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Epithelial Tissue Cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium
Fig. 40-5a Epithelial Tissue Cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues Simple squamous epithelium
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Apical surface Basal surface Basal lamina 40 µm Stratified Squamous
Structure: Layers of squashed cells Function: Protection, covers the outside of the body Apical surface Basal surface Basal lamina 40 µm Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Simple Squamous (labeled B)
Structure: Single layer of squashed cells Function: lining the inner parts of the lungs and blood vessels Cuboidal (labeled A) Structure: forms tubes or ducts Function: secretion of substances (saliva, oils, sweat, etc.) or absorption (nutrients, gases)
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Columnar Structure: Single layer of column shaped cells with nuclei in a row Function: absorption of materials as in the intestine Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Structure: Single layer of column shaped cells with scattered nuclei, cilia (tiny projections capable of whip-like movement) line the top Function: movement of mucus and other materials
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Nervous Tissue Neuron 40 µm Axons Blood vessel Dendrites Cell body
Fig. 40-5n Nervous Tissue 40 µm Dendrites Cell body Axon Glial cells Neuron Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues Axons Blood vessel 15 µm
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Neurons (on the right) Structure: ?? Function: ?? Glial Cells (surrounding the pink cell on the left) Structure: ?? Function: ??
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Nervous Tissue Neurons, or nerve cells Glial cells, or glia
Structure: cell bodies connected to branching fibers Function: transmit nerve impulses Glial cells, or glia Stucture: cells that wrap around to surround neurons Function: help nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
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Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Multiple
nuclei Muscle fiber Sarcomere Skeletal muscle Nucleus 100 µm Intercalated disk 50 µm Cardiac muscle Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues Smooth muscle Nucleus Muscle fibers 25 µm
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Skeletal muscle Skeletal Muscle Multiple nuclei Structure: ??
Function: ?? Skeletal muscle Multiple nuclei Muscle fiber Sarcomere 100 µm Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Smooth muscle Smooth Muscle Structure: ?? Function: ?? Nucleus Muscle
fibers 25 µm Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Cardiac muscle Cardiac Muscle Structure: ?? Function: ?? Nucleus
Intercalated disk Cardiac muscle 50 µm Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Skeletal muscle Skeletal Muscle Multiple nuclei
Structure: striated fibers with the nucleus on the outside Function: voluntary muscle contractions for movement Skeletal muscle Multiple nuclei Muscle fiber Sarcomere 100 µm Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Smooth muscle Smooth Muscle Structure: non-striated flat tapered cells
Function: involuntary contractions of the digestive tract and blood vessels Smooth muscle Nucleus Muscle fibers 25 µm Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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Cardiac muscle Cardiac Muscle Structure: striated and branched cells
Function: involuntary muscle contractions help the heart to pump blood Nucleus Intercalated disk Cardiac muscle 50 µm Figure 40.5 Structure and function in animal tissues
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