1. 1.What factors led nations to explore at this time? Economic Political Religious Cultural Technological 2.Which nations/explorers played key roles in exploration? 3.How did this exploration impact the non-European native populations where the Europeans explored? 4.How did the world change as a result of the Age of Exploration? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

2. AGE OF EXPLORATION SPANISH CONQUESTS IN THE AMERICAS

3. I. SPAIN GETS INVOLVED A. Columbus’s “Discovery” 1. convinces Spanish monarchs to finance his “sail west to go east” scheme 2. 1st voyage reaches Caribbean island he believes is the East Indies (Oct. 12, 1492)

4. Columbus first voyage

5. 3. Makes 4 voyages before death in 1506; gives Spain its foothold in what Amerigo Vespucci recognizes as a “New World” Columbus later voyages

8. Treaty of Tordesillas

9. B. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) 1. Pope draws imaginary line of demarcation dividing the world into 2 halves Portugal – all lands east Spain - all lands west

10. C. Voyage of Magellan 1. 1519 – 5 ship expedition sets sail to find southwestern passage to Asia 2. Rounded southern tip of So. America and into the Pacific 3. Proceeds on to the Philippines & claims these islands for Spain (Magellan killed there) 4. Surviving crew of 17make it back to Spain – 1522 -- 1st to circumnavigate globe

12. II. SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE Cortez / Pizarro

13. A. The Conquistadors in Latin America 1. 1519- Hernan Cortes conquers the Aztec Empire of Mexico 2. 1532- Francisco Pizarro follows suit by defeating the Inca Empire of Peru

14. B. Spanish Rule 1. Two major goals: 1) acquire wealth; 2) convert natives to Christianity 2. Way to accomplish this: a) live among the natives  Mestizo culture b) est. the encomienda system  feudal-type system in which Indian provides the labor (Peon)

15. C. Move Into North America 1. Conquistadors moved northward seeking wealth and power 2. Ponce de Leon in Florida (1513)

16. Ponce de Leon

17. 3. Hernando de Soto – southeastern U.S. along the Miss River (SC, GA, AL, MISS, TX,…)

18. 4. Francisco Coronado – southwestern U.S. (including the Grand Canyon) 5. By 1600, Spain’s empire stretches from So. California well into So. America.

19. Coronado 4:22

20. IV. OPPOSITION TO SPANISH RULE A. Christian missionaries 1. begin protesting Spanish treatment of Indians 2. Bartolome de Las Casas- harshest critic

21. B. Native Resistance 1. Resistance tried occasionally but not effective too scattered and unorganized lacked technology in weaponry 2. Indian population declined rapidly after 1500 Abuse and mistreatment Disease 3. Pointed to a new source of labor for this New World frontier… the African