1. ESYS 10 Introduction to Environmental Systems March 2
Finish Chapter 8 Carbon cycle (inorganic and total)
Problems are due on Tuesday, March 7
Case Study 3 (biodiversity): meet today and next Tuesday. Writeup due Thursday, March 9
Term papers due Tuesday March 14

2. Systems involved in carbon cycle: organic and inorganic
Rain and carbon
Weathering processes
Volcanism
Terrestrial ecosystem
Ocean carbon chemistry
Diatoms (biology)
Marine ecosystem

3. Inorganic carbon cycle - mostly do at board
Carbon chemistry and water:
Gas equilibration - air/water - oxygen vs. CO2
CO2 chemistry and water - carbonic acid, bicarbonate, carbonate, hydrogen ions (pH).
Ocean processes:
Reaction of CO2 in seawater, buffered by carbonate ion (which comes from weathering), removal into either marine organisms (skeletons etc) or as precipitate. (involving Ca and Si)
Land/rain/wash to sea/burial/uplift processes:
Carbonate weathering: carbon balance by weathering and burial in sediments
Silicate weathering: net trapping of carbon

4. Systems involved in carbon cycle: organic and inorganic
Rain and carbon
Weathering processes
Ocean carbon chemistry
Diatoms (biology)

5. Silicate weathering feedback loop
negative feedback, on timescale of weathering (millions of years)
CO2 ends up buried in rocks (sedimentary and metamorphic). Release determined by volcanism rate, which is not subject to these feedbacks.

6. Plate tectonics and carbon cycle - very long time scales

7. Marine sediment deposition of carbon
CaCO3 distribution in marine sediments: corresponds with mid-ocean ridges.
(At greater depths, CaCO3 is dissolved by seawater.)

8. Global inorganic carbon cycle
Reservoir sizes and exchanges.
chemistry
Carbonate weathering on land is balanced exactly by burial in marine sediments.
Silicate weathering on land creates excess carbonate that can react with excess atmospheric CO2 to provide net removal of CO2
biology
Plate tectonics

9. Ocean CO2 sources and sinks
Not exactly correlated with primary production and upwelling since exchange also depends on surface temperature.
Tropics: net sources because of upwelling of deep CO2 and high temperature of surface waters.
Subpolar regions: net sinks because primary production is high and temperature is low.

10. Complete carbon cycle

11. Bretherton diagram

12. Bretherton diagram

13. pH