1. Vineyard Weed Control & Floor Management
David Myers
Extension Educator

2. Vineyard Floor Management Vineyard Floor Management Options
In the Row
Herbicide strip
Mechanical weed management
Mulch
Between the Rows
Sod strip

3. Vineyard Floor Management
Between the rows

4. Advantages Drawbacks Minimal competition No long term effect on vines
Vineyard Floor Management In the Row Management: Mechanical Weed Control
Advantages
Minimal competition
No long term effect on vines
Drawbacks
Impact on soil structure - Mud
Labor/frequency
Equipment

5. Vineyard Floor Management

6. Vineyard Floor Management

7. Vineyard Floor Management

8. Vineyard Floor Management In the Row Management: Mulch
Drawbacks
Labor/frequency
Equipment
Supply
Tie up Nitrogen
Mice
Advantages
Minimal competition
No long term effect on vines
Add organic matter in long run

10. Plastic Mulch?
Landscape Fabric?

11. Vineyard Floor Management In the Row Management: Herbicide Strip
Advantages
Minimal competition
Minimal impact on soil structure
Low labor
Aesthetics
Drawbacks
Expense
Equipment
Exposure
Short and long term effect on vines?

12. Tell me more about herbicides!

13. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Cell Membrane Disrupters
Bipyridiliums
Paraquat: Gramoxone Inteon®
Post-emergence with no soil
activity or uptake
Non-selective
Contact herbicide: rapid foliar absorption with some translocation
Use with a non-ionic surfactant (NIS)

14. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Cell Membrane Disrupters
Nonanic acid
Pelargonic Acid: Scythe®
Post-emergence with no soil activity or uptake.
Non-selective.
Contact herbicide: rapid foliar absorption, non-systemic.
gals/acre spray solution of 5%-10% Scythe®.
10-gallon spray mixtures:
5% Solution – 2.0 qts. Scythe® gals. water.
7% Solution – 2.75 qts. Scythe® gals. water.
10 % solution – 4.0 qts. Scythe® gals. water.

17. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Aromatic Amino-Acid 5 Enolpyruvyl-Shikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSP) Inhibitors
No Accepted Classification
Glyphosate: Roundup Weather Max® 7+ Roundup formulations or Touchdown ® or Credit® or Rattler®
Glufosinate: Rely®
Post-emergence with no soil activity or uptake.
Non-selective.
Contact systemic herbicide: foliar absorption with translocation.
Do not use with a surfactant – see label.
Avoid trunk, fruit, branch & bud contact.

20. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Meristematic Root Inhibitors: Inhibition of Cell Division and Elongation of Roots
Dinitroanalines
Pendimethalin: Pendimax® or Prowl® New H2O formulation
Oryzalin: Surflan® A.S.
Trifluralin: Treflan® or Trilin®
Pre-emergence with 1-3 months of soil activity
Does not leach – forms a herbicide barrier in clay soils
Apply before rainfall or shallowly incorporate
Controls grasses & small seeded broadleaves
Not translocated in plants
Pendimethalin labeled for non-bearing vineyards - New 2008 Prowl H2O Supplemental Label for Bearing Orchards

29. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Meristematic Shoot Inhibitors: Strong Inhibiter of Mitosis - Cell Division
Chloracetamides or Amides
Napropamide: Devrinol®
Pronamide: Kerb® Apply post harvest to 1-year old vineyards
Pre & Post-emergence with 1-3 months of soil activity
Very little leaching – forms a herbicide barrier in clay soils
Apply before rainfall or shallowly incorporate
Controls primarily grasses & small seeded broadleaves
Absorbed primarily by the roots and readily translocated via the xylem

30. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Mobile Photosynthetic Inhibitors
Ureas
Diuron: Karmex® or Diuron®
Uracils
Terbacil: Sinbar®
Pre and Post-emergence with 4-12 months of soil activity
Controls broadleaves & grasses
Absorbed primarily through the roots translocated readily via the xylem
Some foliar uptake
1-3 year established vineyards - consult label

31. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Mobile Photosynthetic Inhibitors
Triazines
Simazine: Princep® 3-year old vineyards
Pre and Post-emergence with 2-6 months of soil activity
Controls broadleaves & grasses
Absorbed primarily through the roots translocated readily via the xylem
Some foliar uptake
Avoid application on high pH soils above 6.8
Half low rate

36. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Carotenoid Synthesis Inhibitors
Pyridazinone
Norflurazon: Solicam® 2-year old vineyards
Pre-emergence with 1- 6 months of soil activity
Controls grasses, sedges and many broadleaves
Absorbed primarily through the roots translocated readily via the xylem
Half low rate – Dormant or in fall post harvest

38. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor: Acts Primarily at Actively Dividing Meristems – Roots Tips & Growing Points
Benzonitrile
Dichlobenil: Casoron®4G
Pre-emergence with 2-6 months of soil activity
Controls broadleaves & grasses equally
Very little leaching – high vapor potential
Apply before rainfall or shallowly incorporate
Absorbed primarily through the roots translocated readily via the xylem – rapid growth inhibition

39. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Cell Membrane Disrupters
Diphenylethers
Oxyflurofen: Goal® or Galigan®
or Fire Power®
N-Phenylphthalimides
Flumioxazin: Chataeu®
Pre & Post-emergence with 1 month of soil activity or uptake.
Controls broadleaves, assists in grass control preemergence.
Contact herbicide: Foliar with shoot & some root uptake from the soil – non mobile in plant.
Use with a non-ionic surfactant (NIS).
Dormant applications only.

42. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Lipid Synthesis Inhibitor
Aryoxyphenoxy-Propianates
Fluazifop-P-Butyl: Fusilade® Non-bearing vineyards
Cyclohexandiones
Sethoxydim: Poast® 50-day PHI
Post-emergence with no soil activity or uptake
Controls gasses only
Primarily leaf uptake – rapidly translocates to growing points
Use with crop oil concentrate (COC)

44. Herbicide Mode of Action & Classification
Enzyme Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO) Inhibitor: Specifically Inhibits Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase a Key Enzyme for Fatty Acid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis
Aryl Triazolinones
Clethodim: Select®
Post-emergence with no soil activity or uptake
Controls grasses only
Primarily leaf uptake – rapidly translocates to growing points
Use with crop oil concentrate (COC)
Non-bearing vineyards only – 1 year PHI

47. Vineyard Establishment Year 2007
Golden Leaf Farm
Vineyard Establishment Year 2007
Jo-Ann & Joe Ramano

48. Thank You Any Questions?
Vineyard Weed Control & Floor Management
Thank You Any Questions?
David Myers
Extension Educator