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Cardiovascular Disease

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Presentation on theme: "Cardiovascular Disease"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cardiovascular Disease
Risk Factors

2 Risk Factors Modifiable (controllable)
Non-modifiable (non-controllable)

3 Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
Age Sex Males Transgender research regarding hormone treatment may indicate increased risks Race Genetics and Family History

4 Modifiable Risk Factors
Hypertension Blood Lipids Smoking Physical Activity Diabetes Obesity Inflammation Stress Substance Abuse

5 Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force blood applies to arterial walls High blood pressure = “hypertension”

6 Hypertension High blood pressure exerted against walls of arteries can cause damage Bleeding & clotting Plaque accumulation

7 Hypertension

8 Hypertension Over time, hypertension can enlarge heart (muscle thickens due to increased work) Enlarged heart over time may lose efficiency

9 Blood Lipids Amount of fat present in the blood Main markers
Total cholesterol LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein aka “the bad cholesterol”) When LDL is damaged, it can adhere to blood vessels HDL cholesterol (high density lipoprotein aka “the good cholesterol”) Lowered risk unless HDL is dysfunctional Triglycerides Video

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14 Smoking Nicotine can increase blood pressure
Chemicals in smoke can damage artery lining Gases in smoke can interfere with oxygen delivery Heart must work harder Smoking can lower HDL

15 Physical Activity Regular aerobic activity can reduce risk
Walking Running Bicycling Others? Reduction in blood pressure Blood lipid improvement Increased HDL Reduced total cholesterol

16 Diabetes Type I and Type II Increased risk for blood vessel damage
Type II = much more common Increased risk for blood vessel damage Vulnerability to other risk factors

17 Inflammation Inflammation can contribute to vessel lining damage
Markers for inflammation in the blood increase risk C-reactive protein Inflammation can contribute to vessel lining damage

18 Your Turn: Stress What are the mechanisms behind how stress can increase risk for cardiovascular disease?


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