1. Final Exam Review Day Dos  Objective:  SWBAT master genetics portion of final exam  Catalyst:  If the membrane is permeable to the solute, what will move and where?  If the membrane is NOT permeable to the solute, what will move and where? What will happen to the size of the cell?

2. Agenda  Catalyst  Big Picture- DNA, chromosomes, genes  Central Dogma  Transcription and Translation  Punnett Squares- MAURY!  Review Sheet Time

3. Think-Pair- Share What is this picture to the right showing us?

4. In The Beginning…  Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes (one from mommy, one from daddy).  Each chromosome is made up of coiled DNA.  A specific area of DNA that codes for one trait is called a gene.  Chromosomes  DNA  genes  DNA is made up of two strands of nucleotides in a double helix.  Nucleotide: backbone (sugar and phosphate) plus a base.  Genetic information is stored in the nitrogenous bases.  A  T  G  C

5. Structure of DNA  Big Idea:  Every sugar, phosphate, and base is a nucleotide.  Many nucleotides attach to make a strand of DNA.  The opposite side is complementary.

6. WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 1 One strand of DNA has the nitrogenous bases of GCTAATCG What is the complimentary strand of DNA? CGATTAGC

7. WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 2 One strand of DNA has the nitrogenous bases of TTAGGCAC What is the complimentary strand of DNA? AATCCGTG

8. WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 3  Where is the chromosome?  Where is the gene?  Where is the double helix?

9. WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 4  Fill in these terms:  ________________ is made of units called nucleotides.  ________________ are coiled pieces of DNA.  ________________ are sections of chromosomes. DNA Chromosomes Genes

10. WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 5  Fill in these terms:  One trait is determined by a _________________.  A gene contains the instructions for making a _________. gene protein

11. WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 6 Label the three parts of a nucleotide. phosphate sugar nitrogenous base

12. WHITEBOARD AWESOME TIME 7  What color is the backbone of the DNA molecule?  The backbone of DNA is made of ____________ and ___________.  If purple is Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) is red, then Cytosine (C) must be __________ and Thymine (T) must be ______________. sugarphosphate green yellow

13. What is the purpose of DNA?  It has the information to produce proteins.  WHERE?!?!  In the bases, DUH.  But how do we get it out?

14. The Solution X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

15. / / / TRANSCRIPTION:  Information in DNA is copied into mRNA  mRNA is formed by complementary base pairs  A  U, T  A  G  C, C  G CGATTA GCUAAU TRANSLATION:  Information in mRNA is read one codon (three nucleotides) at a time.  tRNA brings the correct amino acid, based on the codon sequence.  Many amino acids = protein. GCU = Alanine AAU = Asparagine RNA LOVES U!!!

16. The Central Dogma of Biology DNA RNA Protein Transcription Translation

17. Round Robin Races  You and your group are now in a HEATED BATTLE! Whoa!  First person will transcribe their piece of DNA into mRNA  He/she will pass his/her paper clockwise where the next person will translate it into a protein  The next person will check it.  The fourth person will start the next piece of DNA.  First group finished wins an awesome prize!

18. Punnett MADNESS!!!  Now, read the problem and find the parents’ genotypes.  *Remember, use the first letter of the dominant trait. A homozygous dominant brown eyed male mates with a blue eyed female. BB bb

19. Punnett Square Madness

20. Whiteboard Guided Practice: Seed Shape  Solve the following Punnett Square.  A homozygous dominant round seeded plant is crossed with a heterozygous wrinkled plant.  Find the genotype and phenotype probabilities. R = round r = wrinkled Rr RR R R r R

21. Maury Povich  I will give you a mother genotype and her baby’s genotype. Then you have to tell me which is the father.

22. Scenario 1  Katie is heterozygous for A blood (I A i). Her baby is type O (ii). She is not sure if Richard, her husband, or Adam, his best friend, is the father of the baby….  Richard has type AB blood (I A I B )  Adam has type B blood (I B i)

23. Scenario 1 iiIBiIBi IAiIAiIAIBIAIB IAIA IBIB i i IBiIBi IAiIAi IAIBIAIB IAIBIAIB i IAIA IAIA IBIB Only Adam could be the father!!!!!

24. Scenario 2  Samantha has type AB blood and so does her baby. She is not sure whether Nick or Ron is the father of her baby….  Nick has type O blood  Ron has type B blood  Who dat baby daddy is? Use Punnett Squares to prove it.

25. Scenario 2 IBiIBiIBiIBi IAiIAiIAiIAi IAIA ii IBIB Nick could not have a child with Samantha who has AB blood!!!!!

26. Scenario 3  Hair type in humans is genetically controlled. Curly is dominant to straight.  Amanda is heterozygous for curly hair and her baby has straight hair. She is not sure if Daniel or Robert is the father of her baby….  Daniel is homozygous for curly hair.  Robert has straight hair.

27. Scenario 3 Cc CC C C c C cc Cc ccCc c C cc Only Daniel could be the father!!!!!

28. Scenario 4  Vanessa has blue eyes and her baby has blue eyes. She is not sure whether or not Mark or Max is the father of her baby….  Mark is has blue eyes.  Max is heterozygous for brown eyes.

29. Scenario 4 bb b b b b Bb bbBb b b Bb Maury can’t figure this one out!!!!

30. Exit Question  In order of increasing size, order gene, chromosome, and DNA.  Why must DNA be converted to mRNA?  Take this piece of DNA and convert it to mRNA.  GACCCATTACGT