1. THERMAL POWER PLANT

2. THERMAL STEAM POWER PLANT

3. Thermal Steam Power Plants
Electricity generation in thermal power plants if characterized by the main source of generation being firing of coal, gas etc.
Steam is produced in a boiler, and it drives a turbine connected to an alternator. Heat energy is converted to electric energy.

4. Site Selection Availability of Coal (Fuel)
Proper arrangement for ash disposal
Nature of the land
Location from load centre
Availability of water
Transport facilities
Availability of labor

5. Thermal Power Plant Operation

6. Energy Conversion Process in Steam Power Plants
Chemical Energy is
Converted into Thermal
Energy by Combustion
In Boiler
Thermal Energy is
Converted into
Mechanical Energy
In Turbine
Thermal
Energy
Fuel
Chemical
Energy
Mechanical
Energy
Mechanical Energy is
Converted into
Electrical Energy
In Generator
Electrical
Energy

7. Major Parts of Steam Power Plant
1. Boilers 2. Superheater
3. Turbine 4. Condenser
5. Economizer 6. Air preheater
7. Chimney 8. Coal Handling Plant
9. Ash Handling Plant 10. Cooling Tower
11. Alternator

8. Boiler Purpose: To produce steam under pressure Types:
Fire Tube Boiler: Hot gases of combustion are inside the tubes and the tubes are surrounded by water
Water Tube Boiler: Water is inside the tube and hot gases are outside the tube
One of these are used according to the requirements

9. Superheater
Device used to remove the traces of moisture from saturated steam leaving boiler tubes.
It also increase the temperature above saturation temperature

10. Economizer
It absorbs heat from outgoing flue gases and used for raising the temperature of feed water coming from condenser
Economizer raises efficiency of boiler by % thus 5 – 15 % of fuel consumption is saved

11. Air Preheater
Air preheater is used to recover heat from flue gases since entire heat can’t be extracted by economizer
Boiler Efficiency is increased by 1% if the avg. air temp. is increased by 20°C

12. Merits of Steam Power Plant
Fuel is cheaper
Less space is required
The initial cost is less
Plant can be located near the load center
Turbine can work at 25% overload continuously
A portion of steam can be used in various industries

13. Demerits of Steam Power Plant
Maintenance and operating costs are high
Pollution of atmosphere is one of the major problems
Water is required in huge quantity
Handling of coal and disposal of ash are difficult tasks
It requires long time for installation
Efficiency falls quickly below 75%

14. Thank You