1. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Third Edition Chapter 10 The Client Side of Networking McGraw-Hill

2. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Learning Outcomes Configure a client for a TCP/IP network Connect to the Internet Work with basic Internet clients Configure File and Print clients Troubleshoot common network client problems

3. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that work together to allow similar and dissimilar systems to communicate – The protocol suite of the Internet and many private networks

4. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – The two core protocols are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) – TCP/IP protocol automatically installs in Windows when a network card is present

5. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Responsible for the accurate delivery of messages Verifies and resends pieces that fail to reach the destination TCP has several sub-protocols

6. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – Internet Protocol (IP) Packages communications in chunks, called packets Allows a computer to be identified by a logical address, called an IP address IP has several sub-protocols IP addresses are very important A computer cannot communicate on a TCP/IP network without a valid IP address

7. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – IP Addressing Fundamentals An IP address is assigned to a network adapter When a modem and LAN adapter are present, each connects a computer to a different network A desktop computer usually has only a single network device connecting it to a specific network, so that is the only address by which the computer is known on that network IP address identifies the host and network to which the host connects

8. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Figure 10-1 Windows 7 Local Area Connection Properties dialog box

9. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Figure 10-2 Windows 7 Network Connection Details box

10. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Figure 10-3 Mac OS X Network preferences pane

11. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Figure 10-4 The Network Tools dialog box in the GNOME in Ubuntu

12. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – IP Addressing Fundamentals (cont.) Router is at the connecting point between network – Uses routing protocols – Sends each packet to the next router toward destination Each computer that directly connects to the Internet must have a globally unique IP address Two versions: IPv4 and IPv6

13. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – IP Addressing Fundamentals (cont.) Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) – In use for three decades – 32-bit addressing (2 32 ) – 4.3 billion possible IP addresses – Allocation methods have reduced the usable number

14. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – IP Addressing Fundamentals (cont.) Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) (cont.) – IPv4 address has four parts in dotted-decimal format » Example: 192.168.1.134 – Each number is within 0 to 255 – Rules determine how these numbers are used – Last IPv4 block assigned on February 1, 2011

15. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – IP Addressing Fundamentals (cont.) IPv6 Addresses – Internet transitioning to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) – New addressing scheme with many more addresses – Manufacturers and standards organizations preparing – 128-bit addressing (2 128 ) – Eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons

16. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – Which addresses can you use? Public Addresses – Assigned to hosts on the Internet – A host is a device that has an IP address – Source address must be unique on the entire Internet – Destination address must be unique on the entire Internet – Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Private Addresses (examples are IPv4)

17. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Table 10-1 IPv4 Private IP Address Ranges

18. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – Which addresses can you use? (cont.) Private Addresses (examples are IPv4) (cont.) – Not to be used on the Internet, but in only private IP networks – No permissions required – A network device substitutes a private IP address to a unique Internet IP address on outgoing packets – Incoming packets must be given the correct private address

19. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – How Does a Host Get an IP Address? Static address assignment Automatic Address Assignment (DHCP and APIPA) – Most organizations do Automatic IP addressing via Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server – If no DHCP server responds, a Microsoft DHCP client will self-assign via Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

20. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – IP Configuration Settings IP Address of network card Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS Servers

21. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Figure 10-5 Manually configure TCP/IP in Windows using the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties dialog box

22. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Figure 10-6 A subnet mask covers a portion of an IP address

23. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Step-by-Step 10.01 Examine a Connection’s IP Configuration in a GUI Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network

24. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite (cont.) – Viewing an IP Configuration from a Command Prompt Each OS surveyed in this book has a command line utility for viewing and managing an IP configuration at the CLI Windows: IPCONFIG Linux and Mac: ifconfig Displays the IP configuration of network interfaces – Ipconfig /all or ifconfig –a displays IP configuration for all network interfaces

25. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 Figure 10-7 The output from running the command IPCONFIG /all

26. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Figure 10-8 The result of running the ifconfig –a command in a Terminal window in Mac OS X

27. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Figure 10-9 The result of running the ifconfig –a command at the $ prompt in Ubuntu Linux

28. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Connecting to the Internet Internet Service Providers – For a fee, provide Internet access to individuals or companies – They may also offer other Internet- related services – ISP may provide proprietary software for Web browsing, e-mail management, and accessing other Internet services

29. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Figure 10-10 Connecting to the Internet from a single computer or from a LAN

30. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 Connecting to the Internet Internet Service Providers – Some ISPs specialize in certain connection types Ground Control (www.groundcontrol.com) specializes in satellite Internet service T-Mobile (www.tmobile.com) provides ISP services for cellular customers A local telephone company may provide ISP services for dial-up and DSL customers Cable TV providers offer cable Internet access

31. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 Connecting to the Internet Computer-to-Internet vs. LAN-to-Internet – Computer may have a direct Internet connection – Computer may connect to the Internet through a LAN

32. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 Connecting to the Internet Wired Connectivity Technologies – Dial-up Connections Use traditional phone system Inexpensive WAN option 56Kbps Need ISP service Cannot use voice and data on same line

33. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 Figure 10-11 A remote client dials in to the netwo rk

34. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 Connecting to the Internet Wired Connectivity Technologies – Dial-up Connections (cont.) Installing a Modem – Verify modem works – Connect external modem to computer and power – Internal modem is turned on with the computer – Install from Phone and Modem Options applet in Control Panel

35. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 Figure 10-12 The Windows 7 Phone and Modem dialog box

36. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 36 Connecting to the Internet Wired Connectivity Technologies – Dial-up Connections (cont.) Creating a Dial-up Connection – After installing a modem, configure a connection – Internet browsers and e-mail clients can be configured to open connection when the application is started

37. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 Step-by-Step 10.02 Configuring a Dial-up Client Connecting to the Internet

38. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 Connecting to the Internet Wired Connectivity Technologies – High-Speed Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) – Digital telephone service that simultaneously transmits voice, data, and control signals – Requires a special modem and phone service – Up to 128,000 bits per second – Simultaneously supports data, voice, and fax machine – ISDN is dropping out of favor due to better alternatives

39. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 Connecting to the Internet Wired Connectivity Technologies – High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) – Uses advanced digital signal processing over telephone network – Requires changes in components on telephone network – Simultaneously supports data, voice, and fax machine – Dedicated circuit from home or office to central office – Several versions available (ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, VDSL) – 128 Kbps to 8.58 Mbps

40. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 Connecting to the Internet Wired Connectivity Technologies – High-Speed Cable – Cable television companies use a portion of bandwidth for data – Faster than common telephone lines – Simultaneously supports data, audio, and video – The more users on the same cable segment, the less bandwidth per user

41. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 Connecting to the Internet Wireless Connectivity – Wireless WAN (WWAN) Connections Digital wireless network that covers a large geographical area – Miles Accessible to mobile users More susceptible to environmental factors Fully bidirectional Requires antenna tuned to proper radio frequency Example: cellular Internet connection

42. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 42 Figure 10-13 A WWAN includes devices that retransmit the wireless signal

43. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 Connecting to the Internet Wireless Connectivity – Satellite For areas without wired broadband Important part of overall communications network Stationary or mobile installations Faster downstream than upstream Requires an earth-based communications station Dish points at a data satellite Satellite links to land-based operations center Signal routed to the Internet

44. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 Figure 10-14 Accessing the Internet through a satellite WAN connection

45. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 Connecting to the Internet WLAN Connections – Wireless local area network – One of Wi-Fi standards 802.11n is the latest – Range in feet (meters) Does not connect directly to an ISP Connect to another LAN or device connected to a WAN

46. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 Connecting to the Internet Sharing an Internet Connection – Through a Windows computer using Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) Computer becomes a router Requires two network connections Computer must remain powered on for others to share connection

47. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 47 Connecting to the Internet Sharing an Internet Connection (cont.) – Requires two connections on the router One connection to a broadband modem One connection to LAN

48. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 48 Connecting to the Internet Using a Virtual Private Network – Mobile users and remote offices can connect to a corporate office over the Internet – Remote access VPN over dial-up – Site-to-site VPN connects two networks – Simulated private network running inside a "tunnel" from endpoint to endpoint – Additional security provided by encrypting the data and providing authentication of both endpoints of the tunnel

49. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 49 Figure 10-15 A remote access VPN

50. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 50 Using Internet Clients Web Browsers – Simplify navigation of the Web – Translate plain text language into rich, colorful pages – Netscape Navigator (first successful browser) Designed by Mosaic Communications (later Netscape Communications) AOL purchased Netscape Communications in 1999; discontinued support of Netscape Navigator in 2008 Work continued by nonprofit Mozilla Foundation (www.mozilla.org) with products like Firefox

51. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 51 Using Internet Clients Web Browsers (cont.) – Mozilla Firefox Considered safer than Internet Explorer Add-ons include FireFTP, a FTP client – Google Chrome Open source Distinctive look – Internet Explorer Microsoft Free updates for Windows and Mac OSs

52. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 52 Figure 10-16 Mozilla Firefox

53. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 53 F igure 10-17 Google Chrome with the wrench menu open

54. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 54 Figure 10-18 Microsoft Internet Explorer

55. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 55 Using Internet Clients Web Browsers (cont.) – Others Opera Apple Safari

56. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 56 Using Internet Clients Web Browsers (cont.) – Browser Configuration Options Browsers are full-featured applications with multiple settings View Menu holds GUI Preferences Tools for general settings and security

57. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 57 Figure 10-19 The Firefox View settings

58. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 58 Figure 10-20 Internet Options for Internet Expl orer

59. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 59 Figure 10-21 The Firefox Tools menu

60. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 60 Figure 10-22 The IE Tools menu

61. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 61 Using Internet Clients Web Browsers (cont.) – Security and Web Browsers Cookies Browsing History and Passwords – Browsing history valuable to marketers and others – Security versus browsing convenience – Manage browser history » Delete recent history » Manage how long history is saved – Private Browsing (InPrivate Browsing in Internet Explorer) – Saved Passwords to Web sites

62. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 62 Figure 10-23 Firefox Options menu

63. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 63 Figure 10-24 IE Internet Options menu

64. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 64 Table 10-2 A Comparison of Options for Firefox and Internet Explorer

65. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 Figure 10-25 The Firefox privacy page with settings to protect you while browsing

66. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 66 Figure 10-26 Password saving is off for IE in this dialog box

67. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 67 Using Internet Clients Web Browsers (cont.) – Security and Web Browsers (cont.) Bad Neighborhoods – Block bad sites – List Trusted sites – IE settings for sites » Set security levels for zones » Four pre-defined zones

68. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 68 Using Internet Clients Web Browsers (cont.) – Security and Web Browsers (cont.) Pop-ups – All major browsers have pop-up blockers – Allow or Deny pop-ups per site

69. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 69 Using Internet Clients E-mail Clients – Not just for PCs anymore – Some mail clients are specific to a mail server Microsoft Exchange IBM Lotus Domino Novell GroupWise – Most mail clients are capable of accessing a variety of servers

70. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 70 Using Internet Clients E-mail Clients (cont.) – Mail client retrieves messages and displays list of all messages – User selects messages, responds, saves, creates new, adds attachments to outgoing messages, sends messages – Types of E-mail Accounts POP3 IMAP Web mail

71. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 71 Using Internet Clients E-mail Clients (cont.) – Microsoft Outlook Connects to all three types of accounts Core e-mail features plus productivity software Supports multiple accounts – Windows Live Mail E-mail and other features Internet e-mail accounts only Supports multiple accounts

72. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 72 Using Internet Clients Configuring and Using an E-Mail Client – Information needed Type of mail server (POP3, IMAP, or HTTP) Account name and password DNS name of incoming mail server Name of an outgoing mail server (POP3 or IMAP server)

73. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 73 Step-by-Step 10.03 Connecting a Client to an E-Mail Account Using Internet Clients

74. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 74 Using Internet Clients FTP Clients – File Transfer Protocol (FTP) used to transfer files between computers – A simple and fast method for transferring files over a TCP/IP network – Convenience of an FTP Client Saves settings for connecting to FTP servers – URL – User name – Password

75. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 75 Figure 10-27 The user interface of FireFTP, an FTP client

76. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 76 Using Internet Clients FTP Clients – Anonymous FTP User name and password not required Users connect using the Anonymous account Users only have permissions assigned to the Anonymous account. – Configuring an FTP client Host name of the FTP server User ID and password (if applicable) Passive mode and/or Secure (SSL) connections (if applicable)

77. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 77 Sharing Files and Printers Server Side of File and Print Sharing – File sharing protocols Microsoft's Server Message Block (SMB) Novell's NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) Common Internet File System (CIFS) Network File System (NFS) – File and print server provides network access to files and printers

78. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 78 Figure 10-28 The first five icons in the right pane are computers with a server service turned on

79. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 79 Sharing Files and Printers The Client Side of File and Print Sharing – File and print client for each file-sharing protocol – Includes both user interface and file-sharing protocols – Client for Microsoft Networks automatically installs and enables

80. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 80 Sharing Files and Printers Sharing Files and Printers in Windows 7 – Three Methods Sharing with HomeGroups Sharing with Public Folders Advanced Sharing

81. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 81 Sharing Files and Printers Sharing Files and Printers in Windows 7 – Three Methods (cont.) Sharing with HomeGroups – A single password for all members of the homegroup – Password just once on each client – Create a homegroup with Windows 7 Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate, or Enterprise – Any Windows 7 edition can be a homegroup client – Other versions of Windows cannot participate

82. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 82

83. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 83 Step-by-Step 10.04 Creating and Joining a Homegroup Sharing Files and Printers

84. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 84 Sharing Files and Printers Sharing Files and Printers in Windows 7 – Three Methods (cont.) Sharing the Public Folder – Windows 7 Master Public folder in Users folder – Shared by default to anyone with an account in the local accounts database – If user is already logged on to another computer with identical credentials as a local account on the “server,” that user connects without a logon screen – Move data into Public folder using Libraries – Drop files and folders into a public folder in libraries – Create local user accounts

85. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 85 Figure 10-29 The Public folder and its contents

86. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 86 Figure 10-30 The Pubic folders within each library

87. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 87 Sharing Files and Printers Sharing Files and Printers in Windows 7 – Three Methods (cont.) Advanced Sharing – Managing shares the old-fashioned way » Turn on sharing one share at a time » Giving users access to the share – Share any folder – Disk folder and share folder separate objects – You can give a different name to share than to disk folder – Set share permissions – Set NTFS permissions

88. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 88 Figure 10-31 Turning on advanced sharing for the Research folder

89. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 89 Figure 10-32 Custom permissions on a share

90. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 90 Troubleshooting Common Network Client Problems Built-in Network Diagnostics – Windows 7 Network Diagnostics (GUI) Finds problems in PC and beyond Example: broadband modem problem Provides instructions to solve problem – Mac OS X Network Utility (GUI) Requires more knowledge of individual tools Spares user from entering commands in Terminal

91. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 91 Figure 10-33 The Windows 7 Network Diagnostics tool

92. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 92 Figure 10-34 The Mac OS X Network Utility at work (notice the other utilities listed across the top)

93. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 93 Troubleshooting Common Network Client Problems Testing IP Configurations and Connectivity – TCP/IP includes many protocols and CLI tools In Windows: IPCONFIG and PING In Mac OS X: ifconfig and ping Verify IP configuration with IPCONFIG or ifconfig Troubleshoot connection errors with the PING Command

94. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 94 Step-by-Step 10.05 Testing an IP Configuration Troubleshooting Common Network Client Problems

95. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 95 Troubleshooting Common Network Client Problems Troubleshooting Connection Problems with TRACERT – Discover why a connection to a Web site is slow – Traces the route taken by packets – Pings each of the intervening routers – Shows time of response from each router – Reveals bottleneck

96. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 96

97. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 97 Troubleshooting Common Network Client Problems Troubleshooting DNS Errors by Using PING, NETSTAT, and NSLOOKUP – “Cannot find server or DNS Error” – Name resolution? – Connectivity problem? PING IP address PING domain name Use another computer to connect to Web site Use NETSTAT to discover IP address Troubleshoot DNS with NSLOOKUP

98. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 98 Figure 10-35 Pinging the FQDN www.google.com reveals the IP address

99. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 99 Figure 10-36 NETSTAT displays the IP address and protocol information of current connections

100. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 100 Figure 10-37 NSLOOKUP reveals a DNS problem

101. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 101 Chapter 10 Summary Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network – TCP/IP is the protocol suite needed to access the Internet. – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are the core protocols of TCP/IP. – An IP address is assigned to a network adapter or modem in a computer that connects it to a network.

102. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 102 Chapter 10 Summary Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network – IPv4 is a very old version of the protocol, slowly being replaced by IPv6. An IPv4 address is 32-bits long and usually expressed in dotted decimal form, such as 192.168.1.1. An IPv6 address is 128- bits long, expressed in eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons, such as 2002:2470:B8F9:1:20C:29FF:FE53:45CA.

103. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 103 Chapter 10 Summary Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network – Public IP addresses are used for hosts on the Internet and each address must be unique on the entire Internet. – A private IP address is one of three ranges of IP addresses designated for use only on private networks. They are not to be used on the Internet, and you do not need to obtain permission to use these addresses on a private network.

104. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 104 Chapter 10 Summary Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network – Computers on a private network using private IP addresses get access to the Internet through a specialized device, usually a router. – Each host on a TCP/IP network must have an IP address. A host receives an address by two general methods: automatically as a DHCP client via a network DHCP server (or a self- assigned APIPA address), or statically, which involves someone manually assigning an address to the host.

105. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 105 Chapter 10 Summary Configuring a Client for a TCP/IP Network – In addition to the IP address, there are several IP configuration settings including subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server, advanced DNS settings, and WINS settings.

106. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 106 Chapter 10 Summary Connecting to the Internet – An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides individuals or entire companies access to the Internet. – Common wired WAN technologies include dial-up, ISDN, DSL, and cable. – ISDN is a digital telephone service that simultaneously transmits voice, data, and control signaling over a single telephone line and can transfer data at up to 128,000 bits per second (128 Kbps).

107. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 107 Chapter 10 Summary Connecting to the Internet – Digital subscriber line (DSL) service is similar to ISDN in its use of the telephone network, but it uses more advanced digital signal processing to compress more signals through the telephone lines and so is much faster than ISDN. – Many cable television companies now offer Internet access through existing cable television connections using special cable modems.

108. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 108 Chapter 10 Summary Connecting to the Internet – Wireless options for connecting to the Internet include cellular networks, wireless wide area networks (WWANs), wireless LAN (WLAN) connections (if the WLAN ultimately connects to the Internet), and satellite. – Mobile users and remote offices often need to connect to the corporate intranet through the Internet using any of the connection technologies discussed earlier, with the addition of a virtual private network (VPN) for security.

109. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 109 Chapter 10 Summary Using Internet Clients – Web technologies changed the look of Internet content from all text to rich and colorful graphics, and made it simple to navigate the Web by using a special type of client called a Web browser. – The top Web browsers are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Internet Explorer.

110. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 110 Chapter 10 Summary Using Internet Clients – Firefox, Chrome, and IE have a large number of configuration settings that range from GUI preferences to settings critical to protecting your privacy and maintaining security for your computer and personal data. – An e-mail service and client are defined by the protocols they use, which are POP, IMAP, and Web mail (HTTP protocol).

111. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 111 Chapter 10 Summary Using Internet Clients – While some e-mail services require dedicated clients, some e-mail clients can interact with a variety of e-mail server types. – To configure any e-mail client you need a specific set of information: The type of mail server (POP3, IMAP, or HTTP). Your account name and password. The DNS name of the incoming mail server. If you are preparing to connect to a POP3 or IMAP server, you will also need to know the name of an outgoing mail server.

112. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 112 Chapter 10 Summary Using Internet Clients – File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol used to transfer files between a computer running the FTP server service and an FTP client. It is simple and fast. – An FTP site that allows anonymous connections is an anonymous FTP site. – If a site requires a user name and password, it will prompt you, whether you are using a Web browser to connect or an FTP client.

113. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 113 Chapter 10 Summary Using Internet Clients – A Web browser is fine for occasionally connecting to FTP sites, but use an FTP client to save settings for FTP sites you visit repeatedly. – To configure an FTP client you will need: The host name of the FTP server. User ID and password (if applicable). Account (if applicable).

114. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 114 Chapter 10 Summary Sharing Files and Printers – A file and print client includes both the user interface and the underlying file sharing protocols to access a file sharing system on a network file and print server. – File sharing protocols include Microsoft’s SMB; Novell’s NCP, CIFS, NFS used in Linux and UNIX; and the P2P file sharing protocol used to share files over the Internet.

115. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 115 Chapter 10 Summary Sharing Files and Printers – The client for Microsoft networks, installed when a Windows operating system is installed, allows users to see those Microsoft computers on the network that have file and printer sharing turned on, whether they are using SMB or CIFS.

116. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 116 Chapter 10 Summary Troubleshooting Common Client Connection Problems – All the OSs surveyed in this book have GUI-based Network Diagnostics that combine many functions.

117. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 117 Chapter 10 Summary Troubleshooting Common Client Connection Problems – Several command-line commands help in diagnosing and solving network client connection problems. These utilities include: IPCONFIG PING TRACERT NETSTAT NSLOOKUP