2. Human Genome Project Began in 1990 funded by US Government 15 year project to map entire genome. 3 million Base Pairs 21,000 Genes 98.5 % of DNA is Noncoding

3. Producing Desired Traits 3 Ways for Developing Organisms with Desired Traits 1.Selective Breeding 2.Cloning 3.Genetic Engineering 1.Selective Breeding -Choosing a male & female with certain traits. -Through genetics traits are likely to show in offspring -Ex. Horses, Dogs

4. 2. Cloning -Making an exact copy of a living organism - DNA from cell of animal to be cloned removed and put into egg. - Dolly= First Mammal

5. 3. Genetic Engineering Manipulating of genes with an aim to introduce new characteristics into a different organism. Advantages for Crops 1. Pest Resistance 2. Herbicide Resistance 3. Disease Resistance 4. Cold Tolerance 5. Drought Resistance 6. Nutrition

6. Genetic Engineered Animals Advantages 1.Enhanced Milk Production 2.Growth Hormone (includes HGH) 3.More Attractive/ Desired Traits 4. Medical Uses (Insulin)

7. Gel Electrophoresis Taking DNA from a crime scene and using enzymes to cut up into fragments.