1. Effects of Exploration and Settlement in America and Europe

2. Vocabulary Columbian Exchange: a global exchange of goods and ideas Cultural Diffusion: spread of ideas and goods from one culture to another Inflation: a rise in prices due to the increase of money available Magna Carta: a constitution that granted rights and liberties to the English in 1512 Catholic: follower of the Roman Catholic church led by the Pope Protestant: any Christian church that broke away from the Roman Catholic church during the Reformation or any descended from them Encomienda System: a labor system consisting of tributes and slave labor of the Native Americans under Spanish control in New Spain Absolute Monarchy: a monarchy that has no restrictions of power Constitutional Monarchy: limited monarchy

3. Essential Question What were the major effects of European exploration?

4. Human-Induced Changes in the American Physical Environment Caused Changes in Other Places Beavers were almost wiped out of upstate NY ▫Beaver pelts were used for hats in Europe and were fashionable Forests were cleared of lumber for farming, heating, fuel, buildings, fences, furniture, household and industrial goods (barrels, butter churns, etc.) and thousands of more items ▫Improved life in Europe because timber was scarce

5. Introduction of New diseases to the Americas was Devastating Smallpox Influenza Typhus Measles Malaria Diphtheria Whooping cough Syphilis Diseases wiped out entire Native American cultures

6. New foods Improved Both European and Native American Health and Life Spans From Europe to the AmericasFrom the Americas to Europe Onions Olives Turnips Coffee beans Peaches Pears Citrus fruits Grapes Bananas Sugar cane Honeybees Grains: wheat, rice, barley, oats Livestock: cattle, sheep, pigs, horses Squash Pumpkins Sweet potatoes Peppers Tobacco Turkeys Pineapples Cacao Beans Vanilla Peanuts Potatoes Tomatoes Corn (Columbian Exchange)

7. Colonial Population Growth Led to Unjust Acquisition of Native American Land As the colonies populations grew, more land was needed Indians were pushed off their land and were forced to invade other Indian’s territory which increased war between tribes

8. Economic and Political Changes in the Balance of Power in Europe and the Americas EconomicsPolitical Changes England, France, Holland and Spain all competed for land and economic markets throughout the world Inflation, caused by the mass amount of silver from the Americas, killed Spain’s economy and hurt other economies in Europe Nation-states stood up armies that needed taxation to keep The Dutch prospered through shipping and financing of trade England and France protected local business and eliminated foreign competitors England, France, Holland and Spain all competed for land and economic markets throughout the world Inflation, caused by the mass amount of silver from the Americas, killed Spain’s economy and hurt other economies in Europe Nation-states stood up armies that needed taxation to keep The Dutch prospered through shipping and financing of trade England and France protected local business and eliminated foreign competitors England destroyed the Spanish Armada in 1588 in the English Channel and gave England supremacy of the sea France had an absolute monarchy England, due to the Magna Carta, depended on Parliament for money English took over New Netherland and eventually New France Wars, many religious in nature between Protestants and Catholics in different nations, made England the dominant colonial power in the world England destroyed the Spanish Armada in 1588 in the English Channel and gave England supremacy of the sea France had an absolute monarchy England, due to the Magna Carta, depended on Parliament for money English took over New Netherland and eventually New France Wars, many religious in nature between Protestants and Catholics in different nations, made England the dominant colonial power in the world

9. Introduction of African Slaves into the Americas New Spain: ▫The Encomienda System:  Slavery legal in New Spain  Collected tribute from the Natives  1542 outlawed enslaving Natives  Importation of slaves from Africa began in order to increase the labor force  Slaves worked in gold and silver mines, sugar plantations, and horse and sheep and cattle ranches

10. Essential Question What were the major effects of European exploration?