1. Failed Policies: A Diplomatic History of Modern US-Cuban Relations Al Jacobs South Georgia History Project Wiregrass History Consortium

2. In the past 50 years, nearly every nation in the world has liberalized and entered the global economy. Cuba is a notable exception. Why? Why? In the past 50 years, nearly every nation in the world has liberalized and entered the global economy. Cuba is a notable exception. Why? Why?

3. Major Themes Castro has out-maneuvered every US President since Kennedy – How? What is the future of Cuba? References: Zbigniew Brezinski papers, Carter Presidential Library Books – see handout

4. 90 miles from the US Unique culture Large and fertile An ideal resort destination

5. Since 1958, every US President’s policies for Cuba have failed, most in a spectacular manner. Why?

6. Cuba – Playground of the Western Hemisphere

7. Meyer Lansky Fulgencio Batista

8. January 1959 Triumph of the Revolution

9. January 1960

10. Confrontation January 1960 – November 1963

11. Bay of Pigs – APR 17, 1961

12. Operation Mongoose De-stabilization De-stabilization NOV ’61- APR ’64 NOV ’61- APR ’64 Sabotage and Subversion Sabotage and Subversion Assassination Attempts Assassination Attempts Mafia involvement Mafia involvement

13. 13 Days in October 1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis

17. Johnson – Nixon 1965-1975 Support of Vietnam General Agriculture & Economic Failures Export of La Revolucion to Latin America & Africa Che KIA,Soviet Proxy State Cuban Exile Destabilization

18. Jimmy Carter The Mariel Boat Lift April 1980 125,000 Cubans 1425 criminals and persons with mental illness repatriated 600 remain in US prisons today Most Marielitos are now citizens.

19. Reagan-Bush Iran-Contra Affair Cuban support of Daniel Ortega and the Sandinista government in Nicaragua

20. “Periodo Especial en Tiempo de Paz” Fidel Castro Soviet subsidy withdrawal in 1990 leads to economic freefall. Soviet subsidy withdrawal in 1990 leads to economic freefall. One crop economy One crop economy US embargo US embargo

21. Clinton Balseros – the New Immigrants. AUG 1994 – 32,000 rafters

22. Elian Gonzales-Apr 2000 Question – Did this picture a. Cost Al Gore the 2000 vote in FL?,or b. Make Janet Reno a pariah in her hometown?, or c. both? HINT: You can’t guess wrong here!

23. Bush, 2005 Will he ever die? Will it matter?

25. Cuba Today

29. Jineteras Helms-Burton Who does it hurt?

31. “Fidel is an old man who can’t admit he made a mistake.” Cuban official

32. THE GREAT DAY Hurrah for revolution and more cannon-shot! A beggar upon horseback lashes a beggar on foot, Hurrah for revolution and cannon come again! The beggars have changed places but the lash goes on. William Butler Yeats