1. Expansionism/imperialism Very general overview of U.S. Expansion in 1890s US world economic power by 1890s Big Question - would US expand geographically? –Some claim it is economically and militarily necessary given the changes brought on by industrialization and European colonization in Africa, the Far East, etc. US tradition: isolation – no expansion beyond continent –US already imperialistic (conquering of indigenous people)? Changing ideas in the 1880s/1890s –Social Darwinism Some intellectuals/theorists and politicians applied Darwinian ideas to the social, political, and economic world

2. –Manifest Destiny Some thinkers believed that the notion of America’s God given right to expand westward on the continent extended to the Pacific and the Atlantic regions –Frederick Jackson Turner “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” – he gave this essay in 1893 at the Columbian Exposition –In this essay he argues that it was through westward expansion that Americans became Americans rather the Europeans, and also suggests that American expansion will undoubtedly continue, that it is part of the American people’s nature…

3. –Alfred MahanAlfred Mahan The Influence of Sea Power Upon History – Mahan was the leading naval theorist of the time and this book had a major impact on many thinkers, including Theodore Roosevelt Annexation of Hawaii (read first two pages)Annexation of Hawaii –Detailed timeline (scroll down on this web page for key events indicated below in this outline)Detailed timeline –Sugar planters –1876 treaty –1887 treaty –1887 Constitution (“Bayonet Constitution”) – Wealthy/literate Hawaiian, European, American’s vote –McKinley tariff of 1890 –Queen Liliuokalani – ascends to throne (1891) – rejects “Bayonet Constitution” –Following picture – Queen Liliuokalani

5. –Committee of Safety formed –U.S. Minister to Hawaii, John Stevens recommends intervention –Coup, Liliuokalani deposed (1893) – U.S. Navy and Marines present –Grover Cleveland investigates coup, apologizes to queen opposes annexation –Sanford Dole – becomes president of Republic of Hawaii (1894) –Hawaii annexed (1898) – Dole – first governor –Same year – Cuba…