1. Proteins A protein is a compound made of small carbon compounds called AMINO ACIDS There are 20 different kinds of AMINO ACIDS

2. Proteins continued… Proteins can have up to 4 levels of structure: 1. The number of amino acids in a chain and the order in which amino acids are joined define the proteins primary structure. 2. After an amino acid chain is formed, it folds into a unique three-dimensional shape Helix and a Pleat

3. Proteins Continued… 3. Tertiary structure of many proteins is globular, such as hemoglobin Denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the tertiary structure and secondary structure (unravel) Think of an egg! Change in temperature or pH can cause a protein to unravel and change shape 4. Some proteins form a 4 th level of structure(Quaternary) by combining with other proteins.

4. Coloring Sheet…. Match the letter to the picture with a color Peptide Formation Primary Structure Helix Pleated Sheet Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure

5. Proteins continued… A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds. Protein molecules consist of one or more polypeptides. Protein function: Make up 15 percent of your total body mass Muscles, Skin, and Hair are made of proteins Help your cells communicate with one another Speed up chemical reactions Control cell growth

6. Activation Energy The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.

7. Enzymes Catalyst- is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. It speeds up a reaction but does not increase how much product is made Enzymes- special proteins are the biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. *Essential to life

8. Activation Energy

9. How do enzymes work? Enzyme has 2 parts (lock and Key) Substrate which is the reactant that binds to the enzyme Active Site specific location where the substrate binds The substrate and active site fit together like a puzzle piece EX. Hard Green apples ripen because of enzymes Ex. Enzymes in a snakes venom break down membranes of human blood cells