1. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Technology By R. Thomas Wright The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois www.g-w.com PowerPoint Presentations for

2. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tools of Technology Section 3

3. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 7 Production Tools and Their Safe Use

4. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Learning Objectives List the categories of production tools used in technology. List the characteristics of machine tools. Identify the major types of machine tools. Describe the major types of energy- processing tools and machines.

5. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Learning Objectives Describe the major types of information- processing tools and machines. List the guidelines for using tools and machines properly and safely.

6. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Processing The human ability to design and use tools provides the foundation for technology. Three major types of processing: –Material processing.Material processing For example, changing lumber into plywood. –Energy processing. Changing flowing water into hydroelectricity. –Information processing. Telecommunications, printing, and the computer.

7. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Machine Tools The world around us is full of artifacts made through material-processing. Fundamental to all material-processing is a group of tools called machine tools.machine tools Machine tools have some common characteristics like a cutting tool, a method of moving the tool or workpiece, and a method of supporting the tool and the workpiece.cutting tool

8. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Cutting Tool Share common requirements shown in image to right. Two basic types: single-point tool or multiple-point tool. single-point tool multiple-point tool Single-point tools: hand tools, lathe-turning tools. Multiple-point tools: abrasive papers, grinding wheels.

9. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Motion All cutting operations have two basic motions: cutting motion and feed motion. cutting motion feed motion Three cutting motions: –Rotating motion.Rotating motion –Linear motion.Linear motion –Reciprocating motion.Reciprocating motion

10. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Support The types of cutting and feed motions used determine the support system needed. Different parts such as chucks, arbors, clamps, and machine tables can be used to provide support.chucksarbors Most parts support different movements and can be combined in different ways, depending on what support is needed.

11. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Machine Tools Hundreds of different machine tools exist. All machine tools can be grouped into six categories, however.

12. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Turning Machines Turning machines use a process in which a workpiece is held and rotated on an axis. Lathes, a form of turning machines, are used primarily to machine wood and metal. All lathes contain four main parts: headstock, tailstock, bed, and tool rest or holder. Lathes are used to perform turning, tapering, facing, grooving, chamfering, parting, threading, and knurling.

13. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Sawing Machines Sawing machines are designed to perform a number of different cutting actions, as shown in the image. The machines can be grouped into three basic types of saws: circular saws, band saws, and scroll saws.circular sawsband saws scroll saws

14. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Circular Saws Blade in the shape of a disk with teeth around the edge. Used for crosscutting, ripping, and combination cutting. Three basic types: table saw, radial saw, and chop saw. table sawradial sawchop saw

15. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Band and Scroll Saws Band saws use a blade with teeth on one or both sides. The band may be either vertical or horizontal and may be held by vises and clamps or placed on a table. Scroll saws have teeth on just one edge of the blade and can also be either vertical or horizontal. They are supported primarily by a table.

16. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Drilling Machines Cylindrical holes are common in parts and products. They can be produced by various drilling machines. Drilling machines can perform various operations through a few different machines like: twist drills, spade bits, and forstner bits.twist drillsspade bitsforstner bits

17. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Drilling Machine Operations Drilling, counterboring, countersinking, and reaming are common drilling operations.

18. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Shaping and Planing Machines Both shaping and planing machines:shaping –Use single-point tools to produce flat surfaces on metal parts and products. –Can cut on the face or side of a part. –Can machine grooves into the surface. –Are closely related to a broach.

19. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Shaping and Planing Machines Shaping and planing machines move in opposite motions to produce similar effects.

20. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Grinding Machines Grinding machines use bonded abrasives to cut material.Grinding machines The two most common are the cylindrical and surface grinders. The pedestal grinder is also used and is a manually run machine.

21. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Energy-Processing Converters Energy conversion takes place through energy-processing converters.Energy conversion There are hundreds of energy-processing converters.energy-processing converters –For example: changing mechanical energy into electrical energy through an electric generator. Three converters, the steam engine, the electric motor, and the internal combustion engine have had a big impact on technology.

22. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Early Steam Engine

23. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Watt Steam Engine Reciprocating steam engine. Used for industrial machines and transportation vehicles.

24. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Discussion Why might steam engines not be as commonly used today?

25. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Internal Combustion Engine Each stroke combined in a four-stroke engine completes a cycle.strokecycle

26. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Electric Motor Laws of magnetism and electromagnetism: –Like magnets repel one another, unlike poles attract. –Current flowing in wire creates electromagnetic field. The field magnet and armature are major parts of an electric motor.field magnet armature

27. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Information-Processing Machines Information processing includes:Information processing –Printing. –Telecommunications. Telephone. Radio. –Computers.

28. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Telephone and Radio The telephone converts sound into electrical energy. –Use has been expanded from personal communication device to a data- transmission instrument. The radio uses radio waves that travel through the atmosphere and space. –Used to carry information and entertainment.

29. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Computers

30. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Using Technology Safely In order to use technology safely: –Use the correct tools. –Remember proper operation. –Seek advice as needed. –Use only as directed. –Never use when personal ability is impaired. –Never work alone in case of an accident.

31. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Safety with People Personal safety: –Concentrate on your work. –Dress properly to protect yourself. –Think before acting. –Ask questions when you are unsure. Safety around others: –Avoid horseplay. –Do not talk with anyone operating machinery. –Do not misplace tools.

32. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Safety with Materials Handle materials properly and with care. Check all materials for sharp burred edges and pointed ends. Place materials in well-ventilated areas, when necessary. Lift material properly. Clean up and dispose of spills and materials properly.

33. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Safety with Tools and Machines Use only sharp tools and well- maintained machines. Return all tools and machines to proper places. Use the correct tools and machines for the correct job. Do not use any tool or machine without permission or proper instruction.

34. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Career Corner Machinists. –Interpret blueprints, set up machines, and produce precision parts. –Most are trained through apprenticeship programs, on-the-job training, vocational schools, or community colleges. International Association of Machinists

35. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Review What are three types of processing discussed in this chapter? Material, energy, and information processing.

36. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Review What are the common characteristics of machine tools? Method of cutting, series of motions, and support of the tool and workpiece.

37. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Review What are the six major types of machine tools? Turning, sawing, drilling, shaping, planing, and grinding machines.

38. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Review What are two types of energy- processing machines? The steam and internal combustion engines.

39. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Review Name three types of information- processing tools or machines. The telephone, radio, and computer.

40. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Review Name a few basic guidelines for safely operating technological devices. Use the correct tools; remember proper operation; seek advice as needed; use only as directed; never use when personal ability is impaired; never work alone in case of an accident.

41. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Arbors –spindles or shafts used to hold table saw blades and milling cutters. Armature –the inner magnet in an electric motor. It is an electromagnet that can rotate. Band saw –a saw that uses a blade made of a continuous strip or band of metal. These bands usually have teeth on one edge.

42. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Chop saw –a circular saw used to cut narrow strips of material to length. Chucks –attachments used to hold and rotate drills and router bits. Circular saws –saws that use a blade in the shape of a disk with teeth arranged around the edge.

43. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Computer –an information-processing machine that has changed the way we handle information. It can store information, and its programs can be changed. Cutting motion –an action that causes material to be removed from a workpiece. Cutting tool –a tool used in cutting actions.

44. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Cycle –a complete set of motions needed to produce a surge of power. Cylindrical grinders –grinders that use the lathe principle to machine a material. A workpiece is held in a chuck or between centers and rotated. A grinding wheel is rotated in the opposite direction.

45. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Drilling machines –separating machines that produce or enlarge holes using a rotating cutter for the cutting motion. Energy conversion –the changing of one form of energy into another. Energy-processing converters –converters that process energy in various ways.

46. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Feed motion –an action that brings new material in contact with a cutting tool and allows the cutting action to be continuous. Field magnet –the stationary outer magnet used in electric motors. Forstner bits –two-lipped woodcutters that produce flat-bottomed round holes.

47. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Grinding machines –machines that use bonded abrasives to cut material. Information processing –gathering, storing, manipulating, and retrieving information that can be found in books and photographs and on tape and film. Input unit –a device used to enter data into a system.

48. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Lathes –machines that produce a cutting motion by rotating the workpiece. Linear motion –a cutting and feed motion in which the cutter or work moves in one direction along a straight line. Machine tools –machines used to make other machines.

49. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Material processing –changing the form of materials using tools and machines. Memory unit –the section of the computer that holds information and instructions. Multiple-point tool –a cutting device on which a series of single-point tools are arranged.

50. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Output unit –a device used to display and record the results of the processing unit’s actions. Planing machines –machine tools that produce flat surfaces. They move the workpiece back and forth under the tool to generate the cutting motion.

51. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Processing unit –the part of the computer, also called a central processing unit (CPU) or microprocessor, that manipulates the data. Program –the instructions a computer uses to process data and produce output. Radial saw –a circular saw that moves a rotating blade across the workpiece.

52. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Reciprocating motion –a back-and-forth movement. Rotating motion –a motion that uses round cutters or spins a workpiece around an axis. Sawing machines –machines that use blades with teeth to cut materials to desired sizes and shapes.

53. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Scroll saws –saws with a blade that is a strip of metal with teeth on one edge. Shaping machines –metalworking machine tools that produce flat surfaces. They move a single-point tool back and forth over the workpiece to produce the cutting motion. Single-point tool –a simple cutting device with a cutting edge on the end or along the edge of a rod, bar, or strip.

54. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Spade bits –flat cutters on the end of a shaft, used to drill holes. Stroke –the movement of a piston from one end of a cylinder to another. Surface grinders –grinding machines that work on the metal planer principle.

55. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Key Terms Table saw –a circular saw that uses a linear feed of the material. The workpiece is pushed into the rotating blade to generate the cut. Turning machines –separating machines that rotate a workpiece against a single-point tool to produce a cutting motion. Twist drills –shafts of steel with points on the ends to produce chips.