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China. Scope Zhou dynasty, ending 6th century BC Period of Warrying States (403-221 BC) Intellectual developments: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism Political.

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Presentation on theme: "China. Scope Zhou dynasty, ending 6th century BC Period of Warrying States (403-221 BC) Intellectual developments: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism Political."— Presentation transcript:

1 China

2 Scope Zhou dynasty, ending 6th century BC Period of Warrying States (403-221 BC) Intellectual developments: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism Political unification: Qin and Han dynasties

3 Confucius Kong Fuzi, 551-479 BC Philosophy: pointing at human qualities and relations Politics: official positions to be filled with educated and conscientuous people, „junzi“, deep impact on Chinese history until 20th century Values: „ren“ (benevolence), „li“ (propriety), „xiao“ (filial piety) Disciples: Mencius (372-289 BC), Xunzi (298-238 BC)

4 Daoism Understanding the world by introspection and reflection Living in harmony with the world brings harmony to society „Dao“ = the way, original force of the cosmos, „wuwei“ = disengagement

5 Legalism State oriented philosophy Main representatives: Shang Yang (390-338 BC), Han Feizi (280-233 BC), leading officials at court of Qin Ideas: agriculture and army as main pillars of the state Legal system with harsh penalties

6 The Unification of China Preconditions: dynamic economic and political development during 4th/3rd centuries BC, peasant immigration encouraged by Shang Yang Centralisation, weak nobility, military expansion 221 BC: Qin Shihuangdi – First Emperor 210 BC: Shihuangdi dies (huge grave, terra cotta army), end of Qin dynasty, however persistence of centralised state

7 The Terra Cotta Army

8 Han China

9 The Han Dynasty 206 BC: central state restored by Liu Bang (from Han), lasts until 220 AD, interruption 9-23 AD Former Han: capital Chang‘an, centralism according to Qin tradition Most important Han emperor: Han Wudi (141-87 BC), „Martial Emperor“, expansion to Vietnam, Korea, conflicts with nomadic Xiongnu empire Highly organised state, administered by educated elite, 124 BC founding of university based on Confucianism

10 Economy, Society and Decline Structure: patriarchal households, agricultural, textile „industries“ Innovation: iron tools in agriculture, silk production, invention of paper (100 AD) Decline of Han empire due to social disbalance Reaction: Wang Mang reforms („socialist emperor“, 9 AD) Later Han dynasty: capital moved to Luoyang Ongoing social disbalance, revolts (Yellow Turban Uprising, 2nd century) Early 3rd century: disintegration of Han Empire, 400 years of disunity

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