1. Impact of the Civil War

2. The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863: freed slaves in Confederate States only – not border states! Aims: 1.undermine the South 2.rally abolitionists 3.gain international support

3. Reconstruction Key questions: What to do with the slaves? How to allow rebellious states to re-enter Union? How to treat the leaders of the rebellion? Should African-Americans get the vote?

4. Lincoln’s Plan - Moderate Allow state to rejoin Union if: 10% of voters take oath of allegiance to U.S. Abolish slavery

5. Johnson’s Reconstruction - moderate 10% of voters take oath of allegiance to U.S. Abolish slavery Deny vote to Confederate leaders No treason trials

6. Freedmen’s Bureau Federal agency aiding freed blacks Had jurisdiction over ex-slaves (freedmen) Provided food, clothing, and fuel to destitute freedmen Established schools

8. Freedmen Planters owned land, tools, and draft animals Ex-slaves were not generally welcomed in Northern cities Many freedmen became sharecroppers – in exchange for prodcuing cotton, rented land

9. The Black Codes Set curfews, wages, limited ability of African-Americans to enter into contracts African-Americans could not carry weapons or sit on juries Overturned by Civil Rights Act of 1866

10. Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction Election of 1866: Radical Republicans take control of congress Have enough votes to override president’s vetoes Battled with Johnson (Lincoln’s successor) Impeached Johnson – Johnson acquitted by one vote

11. Radical Reconstruction Reconstruction Acts: southern states administered in military districts The vote extended to all African-Americans by 1867 Confederate leaders not allowed to serve in government 10-15,000 Confederates lost right to vote Civilian governments dismissed South occupied by federal troops

12. Radical Reconstruction Conditions for readmission to the Union: Each state must: Hold a constitutional convention with universal manhood suffrage Constitution must guarantee black suffrage State must ratify 14 th Amendment Congress (not President) would review each case

13. Election of 1868 Election was held under military supervision A Republican coalition: Northern “carpetbaggers” Southern “scalawags” Freedmen Some reconstruction governments engaged in corruption

14. Southern States under Reconstruction, continued Results: 1868 election: 4/7 governorships, 10/14 Senate seats, 20/35 Rep’s to northerners Chief task: rebuild economy of South

16. Backlash in the South All states gain federal Congressional representation by 1870 Rise of the Ku Klux Klan – terrorist organization Republicans split – Democrats begin to gain control of states in 1870’s 1877 – Reconstruction ends

17. The End of Reconstruction Election of 1876 is disputed Tilden (Democrat) vs. Hayes (Republican) Tilden wins popular vote; dispute about electoral vote Congress appoints commission to resolve dispute Hayes “appointed” President; Republicans in House agree to end Reconstruction

18. The Black Amendments aka the Civil War Amendments 13-15 th