1. Water Conveyance system in Watershed
Dr Ambrish Kumar, Principal Scientist
IISWC Dehradun
Phone:

2.   Water losses and utilization efficiency under different components of Canal irrigation system (Agarwal and Khanna, 1983)

3. Crop & Water Management &
Approach: End to End Solution
Creation, repair, restoration & renovation of water sources
Water Sources
Strengthening Irrigation Supply Chain
Distribution Network
Developing/Strengthening distribution network for brining water to farm
Crop & Water Management &
Crop alignment, moisture conservation
Promoting efficient conveyance and field application devices
Encouraging community irrigation management
Water Use Efficiency

4. Drawbacks of water course(channels)
Seepage from WC ranging from 12 to 35 %
Breaking the WC by the farmers near their fields
High repair and maintenance cost due to frequent damage
Normally Over size of Guhls are constructed
Wastage of land under WC network

5. Alternative solution
Gravity fed Water Conveyance System using Pipeline
Himalayan Foothills: village cluster – Gadoria, Devthala, Pasauli, and Dungakhet.
Population: Socially backward- 82%; economically poor – 80%

6. Intervention: Gravity fed Water Conveyance System
Least Irrigated area in Pasauli (11 %) but in Devthala, agriculture was entirely rain dependant.
Water conveyance
Water distribution
Water application

7. Elevation of intake structure along left bank of the stream
Plan of the intake structure of the water conveyance system

8. Galvanized Iron(GI) pipeline
Dia of pipe : mm
Length: m
Gravity head: m Discharge: LPS
Designed for Gravity flow.

9. Distribution System
A masonry tank of size (7.4 x 5.5 x 1.8 m) and a capacity of 50,000 liters was constructed at an altitude of 709 m amsl and was fed with water conveying through the main GI pipe by gravity flow from the source.

10. Blocks
PW:16.28 ha; slope: 4.3%
PE:5.5 ha; slope: 13%
D: 4.5 ha;
slope: 4.3 %
To minimize the cost of the system, PVC pipes of 110 mm  was laid out in the command area.

11. On-farm Water Management
In all three blocks, one riser is provided at every 1.5 ha, this is termed as unit command area.
To enhance the application efficiency of irrigation, collapsible synthetic pipes are being used to irrigate individual fields of the unit command area are encouraged to use.

12. To avoid the conflict: in one season, delivery of water follows the sequence from head to the tail riser and in next season delivery sequence gets reversed
To enhance the water use efficiency, Drip irrigation system has been equipped with three risers with objective to popularize the system

13. Cost Effectiveness Initial Expenditure (Rs/Ha) one lakh Item Quantity
(in Lakhs)
GI pipeline, 4’ 
2 km
17.95
PVC pipeline, 4’ 
1.6 km
3.96
Trenching/Laying/jointing/fixing
GI & PVC
1.18
Intake & masonry tank/pipe support works
3.00
Total
26.09
Initial Expenditure
(Rs/Ha)
one lakh
In case of WC water conveyance system(as per norms of state):
1.5 lakh/ha
Annual Repair & maintenance cost (Indicative)
For pipeline: 1%
For WC: %

14. Landuse change

15. Developing water conveyance system in Tube well command area(UP)
T/w equipping with PVC pipeline
PVC pipeline in T/w command area
Outlet with air vent
Collapsible pipes

16. Total Water Requirement Daily Water Requirement
Irrigation requirement of some common crops grown in India
Crop
Growing period          
 ( No. of days )
Total Water Requirement
Daily Water Requirement
in cm
Jawar
114
64.25
0.57
Maize
100
44.50
0.45
Rice 93
104.50
1.07
Wheat 88
37.00
0.42
Groundnut
124
65.25
0.52
Linseed
31.71
0.35
Cotton
202
105.50
Sugarcane
365
237.50
0.65
Tobacco
132
98.00
0.75
Onion
120
75.00
0.62
Potato
30.00
Pea
Mustard
25.20
0.30
Barley
0.40
Oat
36.00
Ragi
127
74.50
IISWC

17. ANIMAL WATER REQUIREMENT
Animal MP State Norms
Cattle lit/day
Horse/Donkeys /Camel lit/day
Pigs lit/day
Goats/Sheep/poultry lit/day
Buffalo lit/day
THE GROUND WATER REQUIREMENT FOR LIVE –STOCK IS ASSUMED TO BE 10 PERCENT OF TOTAL REQUIREMENT, AS MAJOR PORTION OF LIVE STOCK TAKES WATER FROM SURFACE RESOURCES.
A CRYSTAL OF THE POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE SHOULD BE ADDED TO THE WATER AS 2.1 PPM WITH A CONTACT PERIOD OF ABOUT 3 TO 4 HOURS
70 lpcd for municipalities supply and 40 lpcd for rural supply

18. Head wall against flood flow through culverts, bridges
Water harvesting

19. We know the importance when well dries
THANKS

20. B3.1.2 Fundamentals of irrigation Crops and water: Pan coefficient
Cropped area
Dry Fallow area
Humidity
<40%
40-70%
>70%
Light wind
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.60
0.70
0.80
Moderate wind
0.55
Strong wind
0.50
Very strong wind
0.5
0.40

21. B3.1.2 Fundamentals of irrigation Crops and water: Crop coefficient
Relative humidity
>70% (humid)
<20% (dry)
Growing period (days)
Mid season
Final growth
Barley
1.1
0.25
1.2
0.2
Green beans
0.95
0.85
1.0
0.9
75-90
Maize
0.55
0.6
80-110
Millet
1.05
0.3
1.15
Sorghum
0.5
Cotton
0.65
Tomatoes
Cabbage/Cauliflower
80-95

22. B3.1.2 Fundamentals of irrigation Crops and water: Crop coefficient
ETcr = Crop evapotranspiration (mm/day)
Kc = Crop coefficient
ETo = Reference crop evapotranspiration (mm/day)

23. B3.1.2 Fundamentals of irrigation Crops and water: Pan coefficient
ETcr = Reference crop evapotranspiration
Kp = Pan coefficient
Eoan =Pan evaporation

24. IISWC