1. Today- Start Chapter 9 Announcements Chapter 8 quiz on WebCT is due Sunday, March 19. Do it before you leave for spring break. No excuses !!!!! Final Day to drop a class is Friday, March 17.

2. Grade on Exam 2Score (out of 70) A70 (or more) -63 B62-56 C55-49 D48-42 FBelow 42

3. 2. What does the symbol P i or P represent? Warm up Questions 1, 2, 3 1. What structure is this? 3. What does ADP stand for?

4. Chapter 9 Pictures

5. Carbon and Energy Flow CO 2 + H 2 O Carbs Proteins Lipids + O 2 Photosynthesis Cellular (Aerobic) Respiration ( ATP Produced )

6. Fig 9.2

7. Digestion + Cellular Respiration = ATP Production

8. Frig 8.11 Why do cells need ATP?

9. organic Simpler waste molecules products (from food)(CO 2 +H 2 O) ATP (energy storage molecule) + Heat oxidation Energy Released Oxidation releases energy which is stored as ATP

10. EAEA

12. Questions 9.1-9.2

13. Cellular Respiration Fig 9.19 Digestion

14. Fig 9.6. Glycolysis

15. Fig 9.6 Formation of Acetyl CoA and the Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl CoA Formation

16. Fig 9.6 Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis Acetyl CoA Formation

17. Fig 9.7 Substrate-level Phosphorylation

18. Fig 9.14. Oxidative Phosphorylation = Making ATP using Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis NADH + FADH 2

19. Fig 9.8 Overview of Glycolysis

20. Energy Investment Phase Energy Payoff Phase ( 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P)

21. Glycolysis: Energy Investment Phase 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P

22. Energy Investment Phase Energy Payoff Phase ( 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P)

23. Redox Reactions 2 electrons and 1 proton = hydride ion = H -1 NAD is an electron carrier in the cell.

24. Step 1 of the Energy Payoff Phase 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphates Oxidation of sugar 2 e- removed from each glyceraldehyde-3 - P Reduction of NAD Each NAD+ has gained 2 e- in the form of “H - ” =hydride ion. Produces NADH “Redox” reaction (reduction-oxidation) electrons

25. Glycolysis: Energy Payoff Phase 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P

26. Glycolysis Summary Glucose 2 Pyruvate Glucose2 Pyruvate + 2 H 2 0 2 ATP Energy Investment Phase 2 ADP Energy Payoff Phase 4 ATP 4 ADP 2 ADP + 2 P i 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH

27. Question 9.3

28. Fig 9.6 Formation of Acetyl CoA Acetyl CoA Formation

29. Fig 9.10 Formation of Acetyl CoA

30. Fig 9.6 Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl CoA Formation

31. Fig 9.12 Citric Acid Cycle

32. Question 9.5

33. Glycolysis: glucose (6-C) => 2 pyruvate (3-C) Formation of Acetyl CoA 2 pyruvate (3-C) => 2 Acetyl CoA (2-C) + 2 CO 2 Citric Acid Cycle 2 Acetyl CoA (2-C) => 4 CO 2 Glucose is completely oxidized to CO 2 Breathe out

34. Fig 9.6 Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis Acetyl CoA Formation

35. Inner membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Chemiosmosis Fig 9.15: Electron transport and chemiosmosis (pH 7) (pH 8)

36. Fig 9.15 I III IV (Refer to figure in handout. We will use only NADH as an example.) Chemiosmosis

37. I H+H+ H+H+ III H+H+ IV Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis

38. Question 9.5

39. Chemiosmosis H+H+ H+H+ pH 7 pH 8

40. Fig 9.14. Oxidative Phosphorylation = Making ATP using Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis NADH + FADH 2

41. Question 9.6

42. Fig 9.18 Fermentation Overview

43. Fig 9.17a Alcohol Fermentation

44. Fig 9.17b Lactic Acid Fermentation

45. C. botulinum produces the potent nerve toxin that causes botulism. Most Eukaryotes

46. Question 9.7