1. Labor Movement

2. Essential Question  What were the strategies used by organized labor and why were some strikes successful when others failed?

3. Knights of Labor  founded in 1878  by Terrence V. Powderly  membership open to all workers  skilled & unskilled  men & women  all races, religions, & ethnic groups

4. Goals of Knights  8 hour day  end to child labor  end to convict labor  equal pay for women & minorities  safety codes for workplace  nationalization of RR & telegraph

5. Haymarket Square, 1886  May Day demonstration for 8 hour day  Strike at McCormick reaper factory, Chicago  May 4 th rally in Haymarket Square  3000 attend

6.  Bomb thrown--7 policemen dead  Police fire on crowd—12 dead  Newspapers blame unions  8 anarchist arrested & charge with instigation  4 hanged, 1 suicide, 3 jailed then acquitted  Destroyed Knights of Labor

7. United Mine Workers  founded by John L Lewis  Goals:  8 hour day  end child labor in mines  safety codes for mines  health care for workers with “Black Lung”

8. American Railway Union  founded by Eugene Debs, 1893  sought to unite all workers on Railroads  wanted shorter hours & better wages  Debs jailed during Pullman Strike

9. IWW: Industrial Workers of the World  founded in 1905  lead by Big Bill Haywood  also Joe Hill & Mary Harris “Mother” Jones revolutionaries  Lawrence Textile Mill Strike  “ Bread & Roses ”

10. AFL: American Federation of Labor  founded 1881  by Samuel Gompers  full-time union officials to...  organize, negotiate, control strikes  skilled workers only  no women or minorities