1. The Audio-Lingual Method(ALM) Lecture # 7
Textbook:
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. (2th ed.). Oxford University Press.

2. Review of lecture # 6
Differences between GTM and DM

3. Introduction Audio-Lingual Method is an oral-based approach.
It drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns.
Based on behavioral psychology (Skinner).
Conditioning →helping learners to respond correctly to stimuli through shaping and reinforcement.
Habit-formation

4. What is Audio Lingual Method?
Students’ views…

5. A dialog from the text Sally : Good morning, Bill.
Bill: Good morning, Sally.
Sally: How are you?
Bill: Fine, Thanks, And you?
Sally: Fine. Where are you going?
Bill: I’m going to the post office.
Sally: I am too. Shall we go together?
Sure. Let’s go.

6. I’m going to the post office.
1. introduces a new dialog (p36)
2. uses a backward build-up drill
3. uses a repetition drill (group)
4. initiates a chain drill (individual)
5. leads a single-slot substitution drill (replaces a word or phrase = cue) (shows pictures)
6. praise the class during the practice

7. How are you? (Subject-verb agreement)
1. subject pronouns (he, she, they, you)
2. be verb (is, are)
3. uses Multiple-slot Substitution drill
(I am/ She is going to the post office)
4. uses a transformation drill (active vs. passive; yes/no-question)
5. uses pictures again and select individuals

8. More practices 1. reviews the dialog
2. expands upon the dialog by adding a few lines.
3. drills the new lines and introduces new vocabulary (p.41)
4. works on the mass and count nouns (a little/a few)
5. uses contrastive analysis (correct the pronunciation) (use of minimal pairs)

9. More practices 6. writes the dialog on the blackboard
7. uses the ‘supermarket alphabet’ (grammar game)

10. Principles of ALM Language forms occur naturally within a context.
No Room for Native language/MT
To provide students with a native-speaker like model
Language learning is a process of habit formation

11. Principles of ALM
It is important to prevent learners from making errors. Errors lead to the formation of bad habits When errors occur, they should be immediately corrected by the teacher

12. Principles of ALM
The purpose of language learning is to learn how to use the language to communicate.
Particular parts of speech occupy particular “slots” in sentences. To create new sentences, student must learn which parts of speech occupies which slot.

13. Principles of ALM
Positive Reinforcement helps the students to develop correct habits.
Student should learn to respond to both verbal and nonverbal stimuli
Pattern practice helps students to form habits which enable the students to use the pattern.

14. Principles of ALM
Students should “overlearn” i.e learn to answer automatically without stopping to think.
The teacher should act like an orchestra leader-conducting, guiding, and controlling the students’ behavior in the target language

15. Principles of ALM
The major objective of language teaching should be for students to acquire the structural patterns; students will learn vocabulary afterward
The learning of a foreign language should be the same as the acquisition of the native language.

16. Principles of ALM
The major challenge of foreign language teaching is getting students to overcome the habits of their native language
Language cannot be separated from culture. Culture is not only literature and the arts, but also the everyday behavior of the people who use target language.

17. summary Language cannot be separated from culture
Learning of foreign language should be same as the acquisition of native language