1. Unit 3 Matter & Energy

2. Characteristics of  Solids:  Matter that holds own _______________  Atoms are ___________________  Rigid structure  Minimal Motion- atoms __________________ in place  Vibration does not effect the whole unit

3. Characteristics of  Liquids  Conforms to shape of _____________________  Atoms hard to compress  Atoms and molecules have limited mobility  ______________________ : the resistance of a fluid to flow  Slower motion = higher viscosity (syrup)  Faster motion = lower viscosity (water)

4. Characteristics of  Gas  Everywhere in atmosphere  Molecules ___________________ into space  Spread to fill containers _________________  Gas vs. Vapor  Gas : gaseous state at room temperature  Oxygen gas  Vapor: atoms as gas due to _________________  Water (steam)

5. Characteristics of Plasma  Plasma  Acts like _______________  Much larger source of ___________  Happens often in universe 99%  Northern lights, Stars  Exists on Earth  Around a bolt of lightening  Neon sign, Fluorescent light bulbs  Uses  Creating computer chips, cutting diamonds, pulling important chemicals from rocks Plasma Lamp

6. Properties of Matter Two Types of Properties

7. Physical Properties  Can be observed or measured ________________ changing the identity of substance  Examples:  Melting point, boiling point  Size, color, shape  Mass, volume  Viscosity  _________________ at Room Temperature  Solubility: ability to dissolve

8. Physical Properties  Solubility  Ability to _________________

9. Physical Properties Classified  _____________________ Physical Properties  Dependent on the amount of substance present  Ex: mass, length, volume,  ______________________ Physical Properties  Independent of the amount of substance present  Ex: density, melting point, boiling point

10. Physical Change  Physical change  No changes in molecular _______________________.  Substance keeps their ___________________  Physical changes are related to physical properties  some measurements will change (ex: length)

11. Examples of Physical Changes  Cutting, sanding, heating, cooling, bending, filtering, mixing, dissolving  Many physical changes are __________________  _____________________________are an example of physical changes that are reversible

12. Transitions  _______________= liquid to solid  Remove energy, decrease temp  _______________ = solid to liquid  Add energy, increase temp  _______________= gas to liquid  Remove energy, decrease temp

13. Transitions  ________________________= liquid to gas  Add energy, increase temp  Some molecules have more energy  Ex: puddles evaporating  _______________________ = liquid to gas  Entire liquid will turn from liquid to gas  All molecules have enough energy  Vaporization = liquid to gas during boiling

14. Transitions  ________________= solid to gas  Skips liquid phase  Dry ice  ________________ = gas to solid  Skips liquid phase  Snow forms in clouds

15. Kinetic Energy  Makes transitions possible  Kinetic Theory  All particle are in _________________ motion  As temperature _________________, so does motion.

16. Temperature  _______________________of the molecules  Thermal Expansion Theory  As molecules gain energy they move faster and _______________ into space  _______________________  Liquid expands inside tube  Temp. based on how far it expands

17. Question on Transitions?  Do all solids have a melting points?  Is there a point when a tree, a piece of paper, or other carbon based solid becomes a liquid?

18. Answer: Yes but No  Some solids have a melting point they can never reach … Why?  As temp. increases chemical reactions take place before phase change  Paper will burst into flames, combining with oxygen gas in atmosphere before reach melting point

19. Chemical Properties  The "potential" of a substance to undergo a reaction because of its _____________________  Create a new substance with new properties  Reactivity  Flammability: reacts with oxygen  ________ : whether its is acidic or basic

20. Chemical Change  The_____________________of one or more new substances  Must change identity of substance  Law of Conservation of ____________  Cannot create nor destroy energy  Law of Conservation of ____________  Cannot create nor destroy matter

21. Examples & Signs  Examples of Chemical Changes:  Burning something, exposing to acid, cooking  Signs of Chemical Changes:  _________________change (leaves)  _____________________or gain (fireworks)  _________________ Change (mold on bread)  Production of _________or solid (precipitate)  __________________________process (baking cookies)

22. Classifying Matter  ___________________________________: any matter that has definite composition and specific properties  Element: the simplest substance possible  Organized on Periodic Table by rows and columns  Atom: smallest particle with properties of element  Compound: substance made up of more than one type of element bound together _____________________________  Ex: NaCl, C 4 H 8, CaBr 2, Mn 2 O 7

23. Still Classifying Matter  _______________________________: smallest unit possible of a substance  Can have the same atom unlike compounds  Ex: O 2, H 2, N 2, P 4, S 8, H 2 O, CO 2  Compounds and Molecules must obey:  Law of_____________________________________  A compound is always composed of the same element in same ratio (regardless of the sample size)  Law of _____________________________________  Same elements can combine to form different compounds  Must have whole number ratios

24. More Classifying Matter  Mixture: pure substances combined ___________________________  Has no definite composition  Ratios of substances can vary  _________________________________Mixture:  “looks the same throughout”  Ex: salt water, grape juice, rubbing alcohol, gasoline  _______________________________: one substance is dissolved into another  Solvent: does dissolving (water)  Solute: is dissolved (salt, sugar)

25. Classifying Matter  ______________________________ Mixture:  Allows one to see its separate parts  Ex: salad, pizza, muddy water, fizzing soda, soup  _____________________:  When particles are mixed together but not completely dissolved, they are suspended in each other  Look cloudy – they refract light  Ex: milk, fog

26. Matter Flow Chart