1. The end of the War and Treaty of Versailles

2. What's up with WWI? RECAP! 4 Conditions that led to trouble:
Militarism
Alliance System
Imperialism
Nationalism
Time Bomb!
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Alliances form…

3. Central Powers/Triple Alliance Allies/Triple Entente
The two teams
Central Powers/Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Allies/Triple Entente
England
France
Russia
U.S.

4. The Great War
Some have called World War I “The Great War” because more troops fought and died than ever before in history.
WESTERN FRONT- a 600-mile stretch from the English Channel to Switzerland where heavy fighting took place.
The Germans fought against the British and the French on the Western Front with no real victories.
Troops dug trenches, or narrow and deep holes in the ground, along the Western Front. Both sides could come out of the trenches, fight, and then run back to their trench.

5. A War of Technology
During World War I, both the Central Powers and the Allies used advanced military technology to kill the enemy.
Machine guns made it possible for one gunner to kill waves of soldiers.
When thrown into a trench, poison gas could cause choking, blinding, and severe skin blisters.

6. Why is this a World War?
Throughout the war, additional countries, such as Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and the United States joined the war.
In addition, because the mother countries were turning to their colonies for workers, supplies, and even soldiers, countries in Africa and South America were involved as well.

7. Total War
World War I was what we call a Total War. In a total war, all of a nation’s resources go into the war effort. Governments DRAFTED men to fight the war and raised taxes to pay for the costs of the war. They RATIONED goods and created PROPAGANDA.
Draft - a system in which men are selected to fight in a war. In many countries, men are assigned a number, and numbers are then randomly selected.
Ration - to limit the supply of goods available to people.
Propaganda - the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause.

8. World War I Propaganda

9. End of the War
By 1917, Europe had seen too much death and ruin and the war was beginning to fall apart.
Russian Revolution (1917) - The new leader, Vladimir Lenin, signed a treaty with Germany that took Russia out of the war.
In April 1917, the United States joined the Allies and began to fight against Germany.
With the new soldiers and supplies from the United States, the other Central Powers began to drop out of the war.

10. Germany Declares an Armistice
Soon, Germany stood alone AND asked for an end to the fighting.
An ARMISTICE was declared on November 11, 1918.
Armistice - an agreement to end the fighting.

11. Final Toll
There were political, financial, and human costs at the end of World War I.
Political Costs
Collapse in governments
Unrest in colonies
Rising threat of communism
Financial Costs
War loans to repay
Factories, farms, homes, and roads
destroyed
German REPARATIONS
Human Costs:
More than 8.5 million dead
More than 17 million wounded
Famine

12. Military Deaths

13. The Big Three
Europe was a complete mess; someone had to do something to figure out how to rebuild it.
The Big Three: met at the Paris Peace Conference to decide what Europe would be like after the war.
American President Woodrow Wilson
French leader Georges Clemenceau
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George

14. Wilson’s 14 Points
At the meeting, President Wilson presented his 14 Points. A document designed to prevent another war.
No secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Tariffs should be lowered or abolished
Arms should be reduced
End of colonialism
League of Nations
Self-determination – allowing countries to select their own governments.

15. Treaty of Versailles
While Wilson wanted self-determination, the French and the British just wanted to punish Germany for starting the war. They did this with the TREATY OF VERSAILLES.
TREATY OF VERSAILLES: created new countries, punished Germany with reparations and military cutbacks, and set up the League of Nations.
REPARATIONS: payment for war damages.
Germany had to pay over $30 billion.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS: a group of over forty
countries that met together to settle
international problems without war.
US will never join the League of Nations

16. Problems that followed opened the door for…

17. This Guy…

18. Treaty of Versailles Cartoon/Comic Strip
You will create a political cartoon, or comic strip that illustrates at least 3 of the main ideas of the Treaty of Versailles, illustrates how Germany was treated at the end of the war, and who comes to power as a result of the failed treaty.
On the back of your cartoon write:
What is the main idea that you’re trying to convey to your audience?
What people (if any) are included in your cartoon?
What symbols (if any) are included in your cartoon? What do they represent?

19. “We shall fight another war again in 25 years time.”
What does this quote tell you about the Treaty of Versailles?
If people knew at the time that the treaty was ineffective, or would lead to another war, why do you think no one changed it?
Do you think some countries took any other steps to try to ensure peace after World War I?

20. So what do you think? Was this the war to end ALL wars?