1. Bellringer What was the Neolithic Revolution and why is it important?
What is Hellenistic culture and who gets credit for spreading it?
The change from hunting and gathering to farming. It is important because it allowed civilization to develop.
Hellenistic culture is the combination of Greek, Persian, Indian and Egyptian cultures. Alexander the Great spread it during his conquests
What was the most powerful force in medieval Europe?
What is the age of Exploration and who was involved?
The Roman Catholic church because they gave the sacraments, and people believed to go to heaven they needed the sacraments
The time period when Europeans looked for direct trade routes to cut out the middle Men. Zheng He, Columbus, Dias, Magellan

2. Bellringer
What was the Agricultural Revolution and why is it important?
New technologies that helped people grow more food.
Iron plow, three field system, turnips
What was the Eastern Roman Empire known as?
Byzantine Empire
Name the three monotheistic religions
What are the four river valley civilizations?
Nile- Egypt
Tigris and Euphrates- Mesopotamia
Indus-India
Huang He- China
Christianity, Judaism, Islam

3. 9th Grade final review

4. Paleolithic Neolithic
The change from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled living and farming.
Paleolithic
Neolithic
-hunters
-gatherers
-short life span
-elder leaders
-Nomadic
-Farmers
-animal husbandry
-civilization develops
-surplus food= bigger population 

5. River Valleys Nile: Egypt
Many civilizations begin in river valleys because they provide a water source, a food source, flooding provides silt and rivers are beneficial for trade.
Nile: Egypt
Tigris and Euphrates: Mesopotamia (Babylon and Sumer)
Indus: India
Huang He (Yellow River): China
TB 1:56

6. Belief Systems Belief systems developed to help keep society in order
Animism/ Shinto
Hinduism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Confucianism
Taoism

7. Animism Belief that spirits live in the natural world
Mountain and lake worship is common
Practiced by many around the world, including Native Americans
Similar to Shintoism and Taoism of Southeast Asia

8. Hinduism India Polytheistic
Reincarnation – rebirth into a different Caste
Karma and Dharma- live a good life
Caste system (social structure)
Ganges River
Moksha
Upanishads, Gita, Vedas- holy books

9. Buddhism No gods Reincarnation Karma and Dharma No caste system
4 Noble Truths and 8 Fold Path- life is suffering caused by desire. Use 8 fold path to end desire.
Nirvana- heaven
3 Baskets of Wisdom

10. Islam Allah- one true God- monotheistic Muhammad- founder and prophet
5 Pillars (Hajj, Ramadan, charity, monotheistic, pray 5 times a day)
Mosque- their holy structure
Quran (Koran)
Practiced throughout the Middle East

11. Taoism and Shintoism
Means
“The Way”
Balance and harmony
NATURE
Japan

12. Confucianism Philosophy China
5 Relationships (set examples and follow them)
Filial Piety- respect your elders
Order, structure in society
The Analects (sacred book)

13. Judaism “Jews” Torah- holy Book Synagogue – place of worship
Saturdays are Sabbath day (holy day)
They do not believe the prophet has come (Jesus)
10 commandments
Monotheistic

14. Christianity Bible- Holy book Church Jesus is prophet for God
Monotheistic (one God)
10 commandments

15. Ancient Rome
Began on the Italian Peninsula- protected by Mediterranean sea and Alps mountains
Established Republic- government by the people
Twelve Tables; Roman law code including innocent until proven guilty.
Romans dominated trade on the Mediterranean and believed they were better than anyone else.

16. Byzantine Empire
After Rome split, the Eastern half became the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantines preserved Greek and roman culture, including the Twelve Tables
Greek orthodox religion caused a schism within the Catholic church but Cultural diffusion to Russia spread Orthodox Christianity

17. Law Codes Name Location Importance Hammurabi’s Code
Babylon, Mesopotamia
First written laws- eye for an eye
Twelve Tables
Rome
Justice for all- innocent until proven guilty
Justinian’s code
Byzantine Empire
Organized and preserved Rome’s twelve tables
Law codes help maintain order in society by defining illegal behavior and prescribing punishments.

18. Cultural Diffusion
The movement of goods, ideas, belief systems, technologies and people.
Some major examples of cultural diffusion are the trade routes such as the Silk road, Monsoon Marketplace, Triangle trade and West Saharan Trade routes.
Other examples include the exchange of Orthodox religion by Byzantine and Korea’s the ‘cultural bridge’ between China and Japan

19. Types of Governments Government Explanation Republic
People have a say through a vote
Democracy
People have a direct say by participating in discussion
Monarchy
Use Divine Right to justify power (God gave them power_
Chinese Dynasties
Mandate of Heaven was an order from God (like Divine Right)
There are many forms of government, but we have studied mostly monarchies and dynasties. These families maintained control through “Divine Right”

20. Medieval Europe After the fall of Rome Europe fell into the Dark Ages:
-No trade -No Education
-Weak decentralized Government -Focused on the Church
Society became ordered by Feudalism: exchange loyalty and service for land and protection.

21. Medieval Manors
Self-sufficient manors could care for themselves and did not require goods from outside sources.
They used the three field system to ensure fertile soil.

22. Crusades
Pope Urban II told European Christians to attack the Middle East Muslims and reclaim the Holy Land
Thought largely unsuccessful, the Crusades exposed Europeans to goods from India and China. When the crusades end, trade to Europe increased.

23. Pax Mongolia
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, took over Russia, China and the Middle East.
The Mongol Empire was safe and relatively peaceful. Conquered peoples needed to pay tribute but were otherwise left alone.
This time of peace is known as the Pax Mongolia, and resulted in more trade. Soon the Bubonic plague travelled by trade to Europe.

24. Age of Exploration Explorer Dias De Gama Columbus Magellan
After the crusades more goods flowed into Europe. However middlemen caused the prices to soar so Europeans started looking for new trade routes.
The Europeans began looking for an alternative trade route by sea to cut out the middle men
Explorer
Achievements
Dias
-Found the Cape of Good Hope; a sea passage to the South of Africa
De Gama
-Rounded the Cape of Good Hope and landed in India. Brought back tons of spices and sold for huge profit
Columbus
-Established the first lasting trade between the Old world and the New World when he found the Caribbean
Magellan
First to circumnavigate the world
Zheng He
Chinese explorer throughout the Indian Ocean. Believed China was superior= ethnocentric

25. Mesoamerican Civilizations
Before Columbus ever reached the New World there were several very advanced civilizations: the Aztecs, Incas and Mayas
These civilizations made great accomplishments:
Aztecs
Current Day Mexico
Built chinampas to expand capital city and supply food for the people
Incas
Andes Mountains in South America
Built extensive road systems to control the Empire. Also used Terrace Farming
Mayas
South Mexico
Printed books and developed a 365 day calendar and the concept of Zero

26. Triangle Trade Trade between the Americas, Europe and Africa
African slaves travelled along the Middle Passage

27. Revolutions Revolution Change Neolithic Commercial Agricultural
Hunting and Gathering farming, animal husbandry and villages
Commercial
Marked by the rise of banking and profit. Also guilds established
Agricultural
New technologies helped Europeans grow more food: Three field system, turnips, and iron plow

28. Crash course Review
But first, tell me 5 facts, events, people or ideas that are associated with China.
Tb 6:32