1. NATURE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND FORMAL SCIENCESBy
Dr Ranu Varshney
& Nisha Chaturvedi
Natural sciences is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on observational and empirical evidence. Validity, accuracy, and social mechanisms ensuring quality control, such as peer review and repeatability of findings, are amongst the criteria and methods used for this purpose.

2. Natural Sciences
Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on observational and empirical evidence.
Natural science can be broken into two main branches: Life science or biological science and Physical science .
Biological science mainly concerns with zoology and botany.
Physical science is further broken down into branches including physics, chemistry, earth science and space science.

3. Nature of Natural Sciences
Issues
Physics
Chemistry
Earth Science
Space Science
Universality
High
Flexibility
Low
Moderate
Variability
Certainty
Exactness
Subjectivity
Objectivity

4. Nature of Natural Sciences
Issues
Biology
Physics
Chemistry
Earth Science
Space Science
Creativity
Low
High
Moderate
Abstraction
Rules
Laws
Theories
Knowledge Generation
Mechanism
Causality

5. Formal Sciences
Formal sciences are disciplines concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, statistics, theoretical computer science, information theory, game theory, systems theory, decision theory, and portions of linguistics and economics.
The formal sciences aid the natural sciences by providing information about the structures the latter use to describe the world, and what inferences may be made about them.

6. Nature of Formal Sciences
Issues
Mathematics
Computer Sciences
Logic
Statistics
Systems Science
Universality
High
Moderate
Flexibility
Low
Variability
Certainty
Exactness
Subjectivity
Objectivity

7. Nature of Formal Sciences
Issues
Mathematics
Computer Sciences
Logic
Statistics
Systems Science
Creativity
Moderate
High
Low
Abstraction
Rules
Laws
Theories
Knowledge
Generation
Mechanism
Causality