1. Chapter 7: Conflicts of Empire Section 3: Unrest and Revolution

2. Why did Spain consider the United States a threat?
Bellwork
Why did Spain consider the United States a threat?

3. The Philip Nolan Expedition
1791: U.S. citizen Philip Nolan enters Texas as a mustang trader
Enters Texas three times with permission

4. The Philip Nolan Expedition
Spanish officials hear rumors Nolan is an American spy
1800: Enters Texas without permission
Spanish soldiers will attempt to arrest him

5. The Philip Nolan Expedition
Nolan resists and is killed
Most of his men are captured or imprisoned
Elis P. Bean—only one of Nolan’s men to return to the U.S. alive

6. The Philip Nolan Expedition
Filibusters—military adventurers
Most wanted to free Texas or all of Mexico from Spain, others looking for quick wealth

7. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
September 16, 1810: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest in Dolores, Mexico rang a church bell and called for an end to Spanish rule
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

8. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
Father Hidalgo helped start the Mexican revolution with his Grito de Delores
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

9. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla led an army of more than 50,000 against Spanish rule
Statue of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

10. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
1811: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is captured and executed
Mexican stamp commemorating the 250th anniversary of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla’s birth

11. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara decides to attack Texas after the death of Father Hidalgo
Hoped to use Texas as a base to fight for Mexican independence

12. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
With secret support from the U.S., Gutiérrez went to Louisiana to raise a private army
Introduced to Augustus William Magee, a U.S. Army officer—raised any army of 130 volunteers—called themselves the Republican Army of the North

13. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
Augustus William Magee—leader of the Republican Army of the North
With the secret support of the U.S., the Republican Army of the North invaded Mexico in August 1812

14. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
Takes control of Nacogdoches and gains more volunteers
Mid-September: army captures the Presidio at La Bahía
800 Spanish soldiers will lay siege to the fort

15. The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
Siege—military blockade of a city or fort
Spanish army fails to take control of fort
March 1813: attacks and defeats a Spanish force of 1200

16. The Green Flag Over Texas
April 6, 1813: José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara declares Texas independence from Spain

17. The Green Flag Over Texas
The first Texas revolution failed in part because sharp disagreements among volunteers weakened the Republican Army

18. The Green Flag Over Texas
Brutal execution of several Spanish soldiers will cause several soldiers to leave
Differences between Gutiérrez and volunteers over Texas’ fate leading to his removal

19. The Green Flag Over Texas
April 1813: The Rebellion is crushed by Spanish General Joaquín de Arredondo

20. Pirates and Rebels on the Coast
Henry Perry—filibuster who moved into Texas in 1815 and set up a base on Galveston Island
June 1817: Killed when attempting to take La Bahía

21. Pirates and Rebels on the Coast
Jean Lafitte—French pirate, based in Galveston, who had fought for the U.S. in the War of 1812

22. The Long Expeditions Dr. James Long: U.S. citizen from Mississippi
Angry about the Adams-Onís treaty—believed that Texas should be independent or a part of the United States

23. Jane Long—wife, returned to United States after death of husband
The Long Expeditions
First invasion: unsuccessful
Second invasion: killed
Jane Long—wife, returned to United States after death of husband