1. PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 4 Integumentary System

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Med Terms #4 – Integumentary System  Cut – skin  Derm – skin  Epi – upon  Follic – small bag  Kerat – skin death protein  Melan – black protein  Muc – thick secretion  Seb – grease  Ser - secrete  Syn - together

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Integumentary System  Includes  Serous membrane  Lines body cavities (serous fluid)  Mucous membrane  Lines digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts (mucus)  Synovial membranes  Line joints (synovial fluid)  Cutaneous membrane  Forms the skin

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Integumentary System  Skin  Protective Covering  Cushioning  Regulates temperature  Prevents water loss  Pressure sensors  Senses stimuli  Excretes some waste  Excretes acids for bacterial protection  UV Protection and Vitamin D manufacture

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Anatomy  Cutaneous Membrane (Skin layer) 1. Epidermis—outer layer  Stratified squamous epithelium  Often keratinized (hardened by keratin) 2. Basement Membrane  Between Epidermis and Dermis 3. Dermis  Dense connective tissue

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Structure Figure 4.3 Basement Membrane

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Structure  Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)  Not part of the skin  Binds skin to organs  Composed of adipose tissue

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Physiology  Epidermis  Stratified Squamous  Bottom layers divided and grow  Upper layers keratinize and die; fall off  Keratinize - to harden due to lack of nourishment and distance from blood

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Physiology  Thickness  Thinnest skin - eyelids, face  Average - arms, back  Thickest skin - palms and feet

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Physiology  Thicker areas form from regular pressing  Calluses - areas where the rate of cell division is increased due to additional pressure  Corns - conical masses on toes

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Color  Pigment (melanin) produced by melanocytes  Melanin - Absorbs UV to prevent damage  All people have the same number of melanocytes  Amount of melanin produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin color continued…  Redness (erythema)  Well oxygenated blood  Red/pink skin  Warmth  Yellow (jaundice)  Liver is not cleaning the blood  Blueness (cyanosis)  Low oxygen  Death or passed out  Coldness

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dermis  Ridges cause uneven surfaces = fingerprints  Genes determine ridge shape  Can be altered by fetus pressing in the womb  Identical twins = different fingerprints  Vascular  Contains nervous cells - Sensory receptors

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Structure Figure 4.4

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Appendages  Cutaneous glands are all exocrine glands  Sebaceous glands  Sweat glands  Hair  Hair follicles  Nails

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin  Sebaceous glands  Produce oil  Lubricant for skin  Prevents brittle hair  Kills bacteria

17. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin Figure 4.6a

18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin  Sweat glands  Respond to body temperature and nervousness  Widely distributed in skin  5 million total - 2 million on palms

19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin Figure 4.6b

20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sweat  Composition  Mostly water  Salts and vitamin C  Urea (ammonia)  Odor is from associated bacteria

21. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin  Hair  Produced by hair follicle  Contains a root and a shaft  Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells

22. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin Figure 4.7c

23. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin  Associated hair structures  Hair follicle  Surrounds hair root  Arrector pili muscle  Smooth muscle  Pulls hairs upright when cold or frightened  Sebaceous gland  Secrete oils into follicle

24. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin Figure 4.7a

25. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin Figure 4.8

26. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings One Square Inch of Skin 650 Sweat Glands 20 Blood Vessels 60,000 Melanocytes 1,000 Nerve Endings

27. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hair Colors  Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color  Dark - lots of melanin  Blond - Intermediate  White - no pigment  Red - trichosiderin (a different pigment is made)  Gray - pigmented and nonpigmented

28. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin  Nails  Heavily keratinized  Lack of pigment makes them colorless

29. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendages of the Skin Figure 4.9

30. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Homeostatic Imbalances  Regulating Body Temperature  Warm blood reaches the brain  Controls the set point  80% of body heat escapes through the head

31. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Homeostatic Imbalances  Burns  Tissue damage and cell death caused by  Heat  Electricity  UV radiation  Chemicals

32. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Severity of Burns  First-degree burns  Only epidermis is damaged  Skin is red and swollen  Second-degree burns  Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged  Skin is red with blisters  Third-degree burns  Destroys entire skin layer  Burn is gray-white or black

33. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Severity of Burns Figure 4.11b

34. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer  Cancer—abnormal cell mass  Classified two ways  Benign (does not spread)  Malignant (can move to other parts of the body)  Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer

35. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types  Basal cell carcinoma  Least malignant  Most common type  Squamous cell carcinoma  Early removal allows a good chance of cure  Malignant melanoma (most deadly)

36. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ABCD Rule  A = Asymmetry  B = Border irregularity  C = Color  D = Diameter

37. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types Figure 4.12a

38. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types Figure 4.12b

39. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types Figure 4.12c