1. Biology

2. What is Biology?

3. Biology is the study of life. Biology is a science, and follows the same principles and methods of other sciences.

4. Biology Biology, from the level of the molecule to the level of the biosphere is connected to our daily life. The study of Biology offers us a more profound understanding of ourselves and the planet, inturn it gives us a greater appreciation and value of life and our planet.

5. What is Life?

6. Life – is the combination of physical and chemical processes that exist within an organism. Eg. A Dog that breathes and one that doesn’t. Life is difficult to define but defining it helps us to differentiate between what is alive and what is not.

7. Characteristics of Living Things Complex, organized structure consisting of organic molecules Response to stimuli Active maintenance of complex structure and internal environment (homeostasis) Metabolism Conversion of one form of energy to another Growth Reproduction using DNA: keeping patterns Have the capacity to evolve

8. Characteristics of Living Things Living things have a metabolism, produce energy, respond to stimuli, adapt to environment, and maintain Homeostasis. Homeostasis is the equilibrium of the internal environment of the organism with the external environment. Eg. temperature in reptiles, hormones. The liberation of glucose by the liver to maintain the level of sugar in the blood.

9. Excercise Is a computer virus a synthetic living being? Why? –Join in teams of three students to answer in a sheet of paper (include ID numbers) Is the “Doomsday machine” a synthetic living being? Why? –Join in teams of three students to answer in the sheet of paper (include ID numbers) What would be a synthetic living being? Why? –Join in teams of three students to answer in a sheet of paper (include ID numbers)

10. Branches of Biology ZoologyBotanyGeneticsEcologyMicrobiologyPaleontologyEntomologyPhysiologyEmbryologyAnatomyBio-statisticsCytologyHistology

11. Zoology The study of Animals Food crisis, Evolution, Disease

12. Botany Study of Plants Agriculture, Genetics, Food crisis

13. Genetics The study of heredity in organisms. Disease, Psychology, Evolution, Transgenic organisms.

14. Ecology The study of the relation between living things and their environment. Environmental Damage assessment, Cause and Effect relationships

15. Micology The study of Fungus Brain Function, Historical Diets, Medical/Health Benefits

16. Paleontology Study of Fossils Evolution, History, Climate Change

17. Physiology The study of the systems in a living thing and the relation between systems. Disease, Treatment (Medicines), Athletics, Extreme sports

18. Embryology The study of organisms in the womb, or the study of embryos. Disease, Disfigurement, Maximizing the health of the child

19. Anatomy The study of structure Prosthetics, Reconstructive Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery, Evolutionary Patterns

20. Citology The study of cells. Drug Uptake, Disease (Cancer etc.), Evolution, Cell Recognition

21. Histology The study of tissue Disease, Differentiation, Cell recognition, cancer identification.

22. Revolutions in Biology During a good deal of time Biology has been “stagnant”, however the 19 th and 20 th centuries were important for the revolution of science during this time these important discovers about the history of biology were made. DNA DISCOVERY: –Genetic Manipulation –Human Genome –Cloning, Test Tube Baby

23. Revolution in Biology Nutrition – control of pests Identification of 2 million living things Origin of life Classification of diverse forms of life New pathogens such as HIV More efficient and complicated microscopes

24. Revolution in Biology Advances in the field of Medicine VaccinesAntibiotics New illnesses and cures for others.

25. Areas of Application Medicine – antibiotics, new medicines Food Sciences – new foods for animals Agriculture - Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and biological control agents). Environment – contamination of air, water y soil. Recycling. Investigation - genetics, botany, zoology, etc. Food Science – More resilient seeds.