1. Chapter 3 The Age of Exploration

2. Vocabulary ◦ Grant ◦ Conquistador ◦ Reform ◦ Reformation ◦ Counter-Reformation ◦ Missionary People ◦ Juan Ponce de Leon ◦ Hernando Cortes ◦ Estevanico ◦ Francisco Vasquez de Coronado ◦ Francisco Pizzaro ◦ Atahuallpa ◦ Hernando de Soto ◦ Martin Luther Places ◦ Florida ◦ Mexico City ◦ New Spain Lesson 3: Spanish Explorations

3. After Spain claimed land in the Americas, more explorers and soldiers sailed there to: ◦ Find adventure and riches ◦ Become rich through trade ◦ Earn national glory ◦ Convert Native Americans to Christianity Juan Ponce de Leon ◦ A conquistador who helped conquer Puerto Rico ◦ Was interested in finding the “Fountain of Youth” on the island of Bimini ◦ Instead landed in Florida (La Florida: “flowery”) ◦ Was wounded in battle against the Calusa tribe who fought against their land being conquered ◦ First Spanish explorer to set foot in modern-day USA The Spanish Explore Florida

4. Hernando Cortes ◦ 1519: sent to find gold in the land of the Aztecs ◦ Motecuhzoma, the Aztec emperor, thought that Cortes might be the “light-skinned God” so he welcomed him ◦ Cortes imprisoned him and war began ◦ The Spanish won because of their guns, horses, and the diseases they passed along to the Native Americans ◦ 1521: built Mexico City, Spain’s new empire in the Americas ◦ https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhistory/co nquistadors/ https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhistory/co nquistadors/ ◦ http://www.biography.com/people/hern%C3%A1n- cort%C3%A9s-9258320 http://www.biography.com/people/hern%C3%A1n- cort%C3%A9s-9258320 Early Conquistadors

5. Seven Cities of Gold ◦ Spanish leaders in Mexico City heard a Native American story about seven cities of gold ◦ Sent a priest, Marcos de Niza, who took along an enslaved African named Estevanico ◦ Estevanico was killed ◦ De Niza returned and said he had seen a golden city ◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HcGfNFFX2A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HcGfNFFX2A Early Conquistadors

6. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado ◦ Heard de Niza’s story ◦ Set out with 300 soldiers, several enslaved Africans, and 1,000 enslaved Native Americans ◦ Explored what is now the Southwestern United States ◦ Never found gold ◦ No riches, but claimed land for Spain  New Spain: Mexico, Southwestern United States, and Florida  http://www.biography.com/people/francisco- v%C3%A1zquez-de-coronado-9258086 http://www.biography.com/people/francisco- v%C3%A1zquez-de-coronado-9258086 Early Conquistadors

7. Francisco Pizarro ◦ 1531: Led 180 soldiers on an expedition to the western coast of South America ◦ Met the Incas, led by Atahuallpa ◦ A priest traveling with Pizarro told the Incas they had to accept Christianity and Spanish rule ◦ Atahuallpa said, “NO!” and war started ◦ Spanish took Atahuallpa prisoner ◦ After Atahuallpa died, Pizarro took control of the region Expeditions Continue

8. Hernando de Soto ◦ Explored the Southeastern United States and claimed much of it for Spain ◦ He and his men were the first Europeans to see the Mississippi River ◦ Meeting with Native Americans often ended in bloody battles  Worst: against the Mobile tribe in what is now Alabama ◦ 1542: de Soto died of fever  Only 300 of the 600 men he started his journey with survived Expeditions Continue

9. In Europe, the Catholic Church became politically powerful. Reformation ◦ 1517: Martin Luther called for change ◦ Was forced out of the Church, but had many followers ◦ Lutheran Church was established Counter-Reformation ◦ The Church’s reaction to the reformation ◦ Banned books, punished protesters ◦ Worked on spreading its power to the Americas through missionaries  Some forced Native Americans to convert and enslaved them Missionaries to America