1. Bone Fractures Name and describe the various types of fractures.
Describe the events during the repair of bone fracture.

2. Bone Fractures
- a break in a bone
A. Types of bone fractures
1. Simple fracture
– break that does not penetrate the skin
2. Compound fracture
- broken bone penetrates through the skin

3. 3. Comminuted
- bone breaks into many fragments
- common in the aged whose bones are more brittle
4. Compression
- bone is crushed
- common in porous bones
- usually caused by osteoporosis

4. 5. Depressed
- broken bone is pressed inward
- typical of skull fracture

5. 6. Impacted
- broken bone ends are forced into each other

6. 7. Spiral
- ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
- common sports fracture

7. 8. Greenstick
- bone breaks incompletely
- Common in children because their bones are more flexible than adults

8. B. Treatment of bone fractures 1. reduction
-realignment of the bone ends
Reduction video

9. 2. immobilization
- Uses cast or traction to allow the healing process

10. - Healing time is about 6-8 weeks or longer for large bones and bones of elderly people
C. Major events in repair of bone fractures
1.Formation of hematoma
- blood-filled swelling (hematoma) because ruptured blood vessels
hematoma

11. 2. Break is splinted by a fibrocartilage callus (mass of connective repair tissue)
External callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage)
New blood vessels

12. 3. Formation of bony callus that replace the fibrocartilage callus
Bony callus of spongy bone

13. 4. Bone remodeling in response to mechanical stress
Healed fracture