1. Technology and Industrial Growth
Chapter 4

2. Chapter Focus
How did the industrial growth of the late 1800’s shape American society and the economy

3. Standard and Objectives
US 6 – Describe the changes in American life that resulted from the inventions and innovations of business leaders and entrepreneurs
Analyze factors that led to the Industrialization of the United States
Explain how new inventions and technologies changed Americans’ lives
Describe the impact of Industrialization in the late 1800’s

4. Section Focus
How did Industrialization and new technology affect the economy and society

5. Technology and Industrial Growth
Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain during the 1700’s
2 Phases: 1st – 1700’s 2nd -1850’s
Instrumental in transforming the United States after the Civil War into a global economic and industrial power
Tremendous impact on American Society

6. Encouraging Industrial Growth
Analyze factors that led to industrialization
Abundant natural resources
Oil, Coal, Metals, Timber
Civil War
Large Workforce
Immigrants, Rural People
Capitalism (entrepreneurs)
Govt policies – Laissez-faire
RR expand

7. Innovation Drives the Nation
Explain how new inventions and innovations changed American’s lives
Inventions
Light Bulb – Edison
Telegraph – Morse
Telephone – Bell
Sewing Machine – Howe
Safety Elevator - Otis
Innovations
Skyscraper
Suspension Bridge
Assembly Line
Bessemer Process – Cheap Steel

8. Impact of Industrialization
Describe the impact of Industrialization
Mechanized farms
Transportation improves
Communication improves
People move to cities
Negative impact on environment
Mass Production

9. Rise of Big Business
Standard US.4 – Analyze the differences between wage earners and industrial capitalists
Objective: Analyze different methods that businesses used to increase profits
Objective: Describe the public debate over the impact of big business
Objective: Explain how the govt. blocked abuses of corporate power

10. Key Terms Corporation Monopoly Cartel John D. Rockefeller
Horizontal Integration
Trust
Andrew Carnegie
Vertical Integration
Social Darwinism

11. Section Focus
Rise of big business turned the U.S. into one of the most economically powerful countries in the modern world.
How did big business shape the American economy in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?

12. Fighting for Profits
Corporations created to take advantage of expanded markets
Less risk for investors
Opportunity for huge profits
Had rights of individual (buy and sell property, etc)
Could be involved in many regions
Grew in number after 1870
Competitive Edge
Decreased costs, increased profits
Monopoly
Cartel
Horizontal Integration (John D. Rockefeller)
Vertical Integration (Andrew Carnegie)
Trust

13. Debating the Role of Big Business
Powerful corporations and wealthy investors
Smaller companies questioned their goals
Smaller businesses and consumers harmed by “unfair” advantages
Robber Baron
Negative, greedy, dishonest, thieves
Captain of Industry
Positive, good for nation, innovative, philanthropists
Social Darwinism
Wealth was a measure to determine most “fit”
Justifies success of corporations

14. Government Imposes Regulation
Corporations abused their power
RR’s charge unfair rates, conspired together
ICC
Created to oversee RR’s
Monitors American business operations
Turn RR records over to Congress to investigate
Sherman Antitrust Act
Outlaws any trust that operated in “restraint of trade or commerce among the several states”
ICC and SAA are beginning of federal limitation of corporation’s power

15. Organized Labor
Section Focus: How did the rise of labor unions shape relations among workers, big business and the government?
Objectives:
Assess the problems that workers faced (late 1800’s)
Compare the goals and strategies of different labor organizations
Analyze the causes and effects of strikes

16. Worker Hardships
Industrial growth provided great wealth for _______ and a ________ standard of living
The _______ struggled to survive, ________ faced discrimination
Factory work in __________
______ pay
______ hours
_________ conditions
Always more _______ than jobs
_________ and ________ also worked in factories
Workers would sometimes live in isolated communities called _______________ which were owned by the business

17. Labor Unions Form
Workers did not make enough and took their complaints to their employers
Some workers were __________ or forced to sign ____________ contracts
Workers tried to gain more power against employers through the use of ______________ or going on _________
The first national labor union, ______________ was formed in ___________
Many labor unions believed in _________ and public control of property and income
Knights of Labor
Included workers of any _______, skilled or _________
In 1881, _________________ took over leadership and sought to lead workers out of ______ bondage, encouraged ________ and negotiation with __________
AFL
Formed by ______________
_______ union
Focused on wages, working ________ and working ___________

18. Strikes Rock the Nation
Membership in unions _____ and labor activists became more ______ in organizing protests  More strikes
1st strike occurs in _______ industry in response to _________. _______________ were hired and _______ brought in to restore order
Haymarket Riot – Anarchists blamed
Homestead Strike – Henry Frick brings in Pinkertons
Pullman Strike – Eugene Debs and ARU lead strike
Employers appealed for _____________ against unions
Govt. ________ these appeals and denied union ___________
Tension between workers, ___________ and ________
__________, ____________ and __________ became a way of life for American industry