1. Μεθοδολογία Οικονομική ανάλυση (minimize costs in shipping transportation, increase efficiency) Pure theory of trade, public economics, theory of business cycles, environmental economics, economics of technological change (containerization, grabs, etc

2. Trade & shipping

7. Heading to Globalization Trade c+i+g+ca=Y ca=trade glob. Capital Migration Trade Glob.=Trade to Y (what is the statistics of that…)

10. WORLD MERCHENDISE TRADE

44. WORLD SEABORNE TRADE GROWTH

45. Total maritime trade has doubled from 1985 to 2007; total containerised trade has grown eight-fold over the same period and currently represents 16% of all maritime trade by weight (and a much larger share by value). Depending on the weight carried per container unit, trade in containers measured by deliveries is projected to more or less triple from 2000 to 2020. In terms of container movements including transhipments, Drewry Shipping Consultants forecasts a more than six-fold rise from 2000 to 2020. This growth has important GHG repercussions as the average installed power on container vessels is higher than on most other types of vessels and, given the speeds at which container vessels travel, increased container vessel activity will result in greater maritime CO2 emissions than might otherwise have been expected based on past fleet structure. Nonetheless, in aggregate, energy use per tonne delivered by sea has generally followed a decreasing trend from 1985 to 2007 with the advent of more efficient engines, better propellers and larger vessels. - See more at: http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/2600/Sea_fairer:_Maritime_tran sport_and_CO2_emissions.html#sthash.jd8beNQ2.dpuf http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/2600/Sea_fairer:_Maritime_tran sport_and_CO2_emissions.html#sthash.jd8beNQ2.dpuf

47. OUTLOOK IMF & OECD predict 3.6% global GDP growth for 2014 (2.8% in 2013) World Trade stagnant at 26% since 2011 Shipowners confidence at highest level in 3 years – Managers & Charterers down* Tentative recovery underway** Trade growth should accelerate to 4.5% in 2014, still below the average rate of 5.4% for the last 20 years***

48. Shipping to and from developing countries is more expensive than OECD

49. Maritime transport costs for grains in some NFIDCs

50. Impact of MTC on trade in agriculture A doubling of transport costs ($/T) is associated with a 33-36 % decline in agricultural trade overallA doubling of transport costs ($/T) is associated with a 33-36 % decline in agricultural trade overall Distance is still significantDistance is still significant The impact of transport costs on trade is increasing over time – by 1.5 percentage points per yearThe impact of transport costs on trade is increasing over time – by 1.5 percentage points per year

51. Measuring… Units of space… Gross registered tonnage Net registered tonnage (port fees on it…) Units of weight DWTon DWton – extra weights = Productive ability of the ship from A to B. Freight rate is estimated on this (TC, Bare boat)