1. THE INCAS

2. RISE OF THE INCAS Andes Mountain Range 10 million people
Influenced by previous civilizations
Irrigation and building of cities

3. BEGINNING OF THE EMPIRE
Cuzco = capital city and center of early Incas
Conquered the Chancas and soon ruled the entire central Andes
Roads kept the empire running
Chasquis = message carriers

5. INCA CLASS STRUCTURE

7. INCA CLASS STRUCTURE Emperor = Sapa Inca
Descendent from Inti, the Sun God
Everything belongs to Sapa Inca- extreme luxury
Many wives and children
Coya = Primary Wife (sister- traditional story)

8. INCA CLASS STRUCTURE Nobles = Administrators 3 Classes
Capac – relatives of Incas
Hahua- nobles by priviledge
Curacas- leaders of conquered tribes

9. INCA CLASS STRUCTURE Commoners = farmers and herders
Support government with labor and goods
Crops were handed to the government, where they would be stored and distrubuted
Ex: elderly and sick got food for free

10. INCA FAMILY LIFE

11. AYLLUS Familes were part of larger clans = Ayllus
ayllu = basis of Inca society and how it functioned
Each ayllu has its own land to farm and homes
The people do own the land, it was loaned to them from the government

12. LIFE IN THE AYLLU Everyone had to work
Leaders would make sure work was done
Curaca- head authority of 10 households
There would be a head Curaca to supervise the curacas

13. LIFE IN THE AYLLU Curacas made sure ayllus paid their taxes
Goods and labor
1/3 of goods to Sapa Ina, Temples, Commoners
Men paid Mit’a = labor tax
Repair roads, build food storehouses, mine…

14. INCA CHILDHOOD Common Children Noble Children
Performed chores early on
Did not receive any formal education
Learned basic, needed skills and traditions from elders
Noble Children
Sons had special tutors that provided them more formal education
Age 15- Received their loincloth and began tests to prove their loyalty to Sapa Inca

16. INCA MARRIAGE Lived at home until you married
Married within your ayllu
Some were arranged
Marriage Markets
Ceremony-
holding hands
exchanging sandals

17. INCA RELIGION

19. INCA RELIGION Many Gods ruled over all aspects of nature
Virachoca = Supreme God (Controls all Gods)
Inti = Sun God = most important to the Incas
Emperor descended from Inti
God of agriculture, which is basis of Inca Life

20. INCA RELIGION Huacas = sacred objects and places
Believed spirits lived there
Temples, charms, rocks, tombs…
People prayed and made offerings to huacas

21. INCA RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
Very ritualistic
Temples and Shrines dedicated to the Gods
Sun Temple in Cuzco = most important
High Priest- relative of Sapa Inca

22. INCA SACRIFICES Everday offered corn to Inti
In Rituals, they sacrificed animals
Llamas and guinea pigs
Humans = only in most sacred/important times
Children (purity)
Strangulation
Divination
Predicting future
Advice

23. INCA CHOSEN WOMEN Most beautiful and talented Girls 8-10
Sent to live in convents to study
Age 15, sent to work in temples or become wives of nobles or Sapa Inca
Some stayed to teach new chosen women
Few were sacrficied in special ceremonies
Life = serving Inti or serving Emperor/nobles

24. INCA RELATIONSHIPS

25. INCA RELATIONSHIPS Had a strong army put preferred peace
Only went to war when tribes refused after talks
“Conquered” Tribes
Had to adopt Inca ways
Build Sun Temple
accept Inca Gods
Leaders brought to Cuzco to study Inca ways
Teach their people

26. INCA RELATIONSHIPS Incas helped conquered villages
Build Inca-style ayllus, storehouses and irrigation systems
Took sacred religious artifacts
Held them “hostage” in Cuzco
Used as leverage against rebellions

27. WHY DID THE INCAS GROW THEIR EMPIRE?