1. SEGREGATION in the United States

2. Baltimore, MD Bethlehem-Fairfield shipyards. May 1943
Arthur Siegal, photographer
“White drinking fountain.”

3. Durham, NC May 1940 Jack Delano, photographer
White ladies room at the bus station

4. Durham, NC
May 1940
Jack Delano, photographer

5. “On the way from Louisville, KY to Nashville, TN”
September 1943
Esther Bubley, photographer
“A rest stop for Greyhound bus passengers with separate accommodations for colored passengers.”

6. Rome, GA September 1943 Esther Bubley, photographer
“Colored Waiting Room at a Greyhound Bus Station.”

7. Durham, NC May 1940 Jack Delano, photographer
Separate doors for white and colored.

8. Belle Glade (vicinity), FL
January 1939
Marion Post Wolcott, photographer
“White & Colored Served.”

9. Halifax, NC April 1938 John Vachon, photographer
“A colored drinking fountain on the county courthouse lawn.”

10. Leland, Mississippi November 1939 Marion Post Wolcott, photographer
“The Rex theater for Negro People.”

11. Sisseton, SD September 1939 John Vachon, photographer
“No Beer Sold to Indians.”

12. Birney, Montana August 1941 Marion Post Wolcott, photographer
“Positively no beer sold to Indians.”

13. Segregation sought to separate and prevent the races from intermarrying (C. Van Woodward 12). Segregation sought to maintain the “doctrine of white superiority and negro inferiority” (C. Van Woodward 22).

14. Some effects of 200 years of segregation:

15. Interracial Married Couples from 1960-Present
In ,305 couples were married. Of that only 1,348 were marriages between blacks and whites.
In ,227 couples were married. Of that only 994 were marriages between blacks and whites.
In ,665 couples were married. Of that only 719 were between blacks and whites.

16. In 1981 49,896 couples were married
In ,896 couples were married. Of that only 639 were between blacks and whites.
In ,598 couples were married, and 310 of those marriages were between blacks and whites.
In ,491 couples were married, and 149 of those marriages were between blacks and whites.

17. Race and Education

18. United States Totals
In 1997, 35.8% of 19,072 of blacks 25 years and older had graduated from High School.
About 6,828 of 19,072
This same year 25.8% of 19,072 blacks had attended some college, or had received an associate degree.
About 4,921 of 19,072
In 1997, 13.3% of 19,072 blacks 25 years and older had received a Bachelor’s degree or more.
About 2,537 of 19,072

19. In 1997, 34.8% of 29,299 whites 25 years and older had graduated from High School.
About 10,196 of 29,299 (relatively equal to blacks percentage-wise)
This same year 25.2% of 29,299 whites 25 and older had gone to some college, or had received an associate degree.
About 7,383 of 29,299 (relatively equal to blacks percentage-wise)
In 1997, 26.2% of 29,299 whites 25 years and older had received a Bachelor’s degree or more.
About 7,676 of 29,299 (twice as many degrees awarded to whites)

20. Violence against American Citizens
A Time Line of African-American History;

21. 1901-1905 1901: 105 blacks known to have been lynched.
Last Black Congressman for 28 years.
1902: 85 blacks lynched
1903: 84 blacks lynched
1904: 76 blacks lynched
1905: 57 blacks lynched
The Niagara Movement
Total deaths: 407

22. 1906-1910 1906: 62 blacks lynched 1908: 89 blacks lynched
10 blacks and 2 whites killed in a race riot in Atlanta, GA
1908: 89 blacks lynched
Springfield, IL race riot kills many and wounds more
1909: 69 blacks lynched
1910: 67 blacks lynched
Total deaths to date: 706

23. 1911-1915 1911: 60 blacks lynched 1912: 61 blacks lynched
National Urban League begins
1912: 61 blacks lynched
Woodrow Wilson president
1913: 51 blacks lynched
Wilson begins federal segregation
1914: 51 blacks lynched
WWI begins in Europe
1915: 56 blacks lynched
Booker T. Washington dies
Total deaths to date: 985

24. 1916-1917 1916: 50 blacks lynched 1917: 36 blacks lynched
America enters WWI with 370,000 blacks in military service
Race riot in East St.Louis, IL where people were killed
A race riot in Houston kills 2 blacks and 11 whites. 18 black soldiers were hanged for participating in the riot.
Supreme Court rules against a Louisville, KY ordinance mandating segregated neighborhoods

25. 1918-1920 1918: 60 blacks lynched 1919: 76 blacks lynched
Race riot in Chester, PA kills 3 blacks and 2 whites
Race riot in Philadelphia, PA kills 3 blacks and 1 white
WWI ends
1919: 76 blacks lynched
26 race riots occur between April and October
1920: 53 blacks lynched
Harding elected president
Harlem Renaissance begins.
Total deaths to date: 1,386

26. 1921-1925 1921: 59 blacks lynched 1922: 51 blacks lynched
Race riot in Tulsa, OK kills 21 whites and 60 blacks
1922: 51 blacks lynched
Federal anti-lynching bill killed by a filibuster in the U.S. Senate.
1923: 29 blacks lynched
Harding dies, Coolidge succeeds him
1924: 16 blacks lynched
1925: 17 blacks lynched
Malcolm X born.
Total deaths due to racial violence from : 1,639

27. Resources Used
U.S. Bureau of the Census. “Interracial Married Couples: to Present.” Jan. 7, Located at
Library of Congress. “Time Line of African American History, Located at
U.S. Bureau of the Census. “Educational Attainment of Persons 25 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Region, and Race: March 1997.” July 30, Located at
Woodward, C. Vann. The Strange Career of Jim Crow. New York: Oxford UP, 1974.