1. ORIGIN attachment point that is most proximal; immovable or less movable bone

2. INSERTION attachment point to the movable bone; insertion moves toward the origin.

3. ORIGIN/INSERTION

4. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS

5. FLEXION (flex.) movement that decreases the angle of a joint; to bend

6. EXTENSION (ext.) Movement that increases the angle or distance between two bones; to straighten

7. ABDUCTION (abd.) moving a limb away from the midline

8. ADDUCTION (add.) Movement of a limb toward the midline

9. ROTATION (rot.) movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

10. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS

11. CIRCUMDUCTION (circumd.) combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

12. PRONATION (pron.) moving of the palm of the hand from an anterior to a posterior position

13. SUPINATION (sup.) Palm is from posterior to anterior; Palm is facing “up” – cup of soup

14. INVERSION (inv.) turning the sole of the foot so that it faces medially

15. EVERSION (ev., ever.) Turns the sole of the foot laterally

16. DORSIFLEXION (d.f.) ankle movement that moves the instep of the foot up and toward the tibia Example - Standing on your heels

17. PLANTAR FLEXION (p.f.) straightens the ankle joint causing the toes to point downward Example: to stand on your toes

18. PRIME MOVER (agonist) muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a movement

19. ANTAGONIST muscle that opposes or reverses a movement; relaxes when prime mover is active.

20. SYNERGIST helps prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing an unnecessary movement

21. FIXATORS are specialized synergists; hold or stabilize the origin of a prime mover