1. Global Climate Change in the Great Lakes: How will Agriculture in the Great Lakes Region be Affected? By: Mary Brunner

2. Potential Benefits and Drawbacks 1.Extension of total range for crops 2. Longer growing season 3.More food production for plants 1.Lesser quality in food 2.Increase in pest population 3.Increased evaporation 4.Extreme climate variability

3. Extension of Total Crop Range 42% of land is used for agriculture and 10% is used for pasture Great Lakes region consists of about a ¼ of that 42% Great Lakes region will increase about 1- 2% with higher temperatures Corn belt will relocate to Northern states

4. Longer Growing Season Middle and high latitudes areas will have a longer growing season Number of frost free days would increase Earlier planting Later harvesting

5. Quantity of food for plants would increase The main source of food for crop is CO 2 CO 2 amounts will raise by a significant amount Rate of photosynthesis will increase producing higher crop yields Crop production will increase for farmers

6. Quality of food production The quality of food production would deteriorate Insect example: insects consume more plant matter under higher level CO 2 levels Article quote: “ Another consideration is that plants grown with CO2 enrichment will have higher nutrient requirement unless they fix their own nitrogen. In Canada however, the soils in the northern portion of the Great Lakes Basin are thinner and less fertile than in the south. For this reason, the total agricultural production in the northern Great lakes region may not increase significantly”.

7. Pests Unwanted insects and weeds will increase with higher temperatures Diseases in crops could expand to subtropical and temperate zones Population of the bugs will increase Pests will adapt to winter-like climates Farmers will use more pesticides and herbicides against the unwanted insects and weeds

8. Increased Evaporation Water will be taken away by evaporation from plants, soil, and lakes surfaces  Crops will be stressed  Water from lakes will decline leaving less water for the crops Lower lakes levels will make it harder for large ships to enter harbors

9. Climate Variability Future conditions could increase the frequency of extreme climate variability  This could result in crop failure  …and economic hardship to farmers

10. Questions and/or Concerns Do we know exactly what’s causing global warming? Do you agree that global warming is caused more from natural causes or human related trends? What policies should we implement to try to avoid possible negative effects on the environment?