1. measurements 3 main measurements avoirdupois system----
teaspoon tablespoon ounce pint quart gallon pound
metric system---
microliter millimeter liter microgram milligram gram kilogram
apothecary system-----traditional system from europe docs and pharms-- fluiddram grain ounce pound cong quart pint fluidounce scruple

2. measurements micro---one millionth milli=one thousanth
centi=one hundredth
deci=one tenth
kilo=one thousand
1000mcg=1mg
1000mg=1g
1000g=1 kg
1000ml=1 L
60ggt=1 tsp
1grain=65mg

3. measurements Liquids 1cc = 1 mL 5mL = 1 tsp 15mL = 1 tbsp 30mL = 1 oz
= 1 pt
3785 mL
= 1 gal

4. measurements 3 tsp = 1 tbsp 2 tbsp = 1 oz 16 oz = 1 pt 2 pt = 1 qt
= 1 gal
1 Liter
= 1000 ml (metric)
Insulin units
100 IU
per/mL
(100 int'l units)
(per milliliter)

5. milliequivalents number of positive ions in salt solution
usually K Ca or Mg solutions
1 mEq=molecular weight/charge of ion
Ex-- KCl has ion charge of 1+. mol wt of K is 17 mol wt of Cl is 39.
56/1=56g of KCl is dissolved in 1L of solution

6. apothecary 1ml=16.23minim 1 fl dram=5ml 1fl oz=30ml 1gal=3840ml
1 gr=60 or 65mg
1g=15.432gr
1lb=454g

7. scales
pharmacy torsion balance---very accurate small measurement. 6mg to 120gm.
sample goes left plate using tweezers right plate gets weights,
pharmacy scale------electronic, add your sample
graduated cylinder---use smallest cylinder necessary. plastic cylinder look at flat top. for glass look at meniscus.
syringe---look at black right that touches fluid.

8. temperatures F to C= (f-32)/1.8 100F=(100-32)=68/1.8= 37.7c
C to F=(1.8 x c) +32
100c to F= 1.8x 100= = 212f

9. IU(international units)
Pharm products made from biological products are expressed in IU.
Insulin (100u/ml),
heparin1000 u/ml, 2000u/ml, 5000u/ml
vit E IU/gelcap
military time/zulu time/ greenwich time
0100z=1am
1200z=noon
1400z=2pm