1. European Companies and the Beginning of Maritime Empires From Foreign Trade to Colonial Conquest

2. Indian Ocean: An Arena of Trade Commerce in the 16th century Maritime Trade and Asia as the hub of World Trading Activities Maritime Trade and Asia as the hub of World Trading Activities Periplus of Erythraean Sea, Strabo(63 BC - AD 20) Pliny ((AD 23-79) Periplus of Erythraean Sea, Strabo(63 BC - AD 20) Pliny ((AD 23-79) Textiles, Spices, Carpet, Jewelry, Decorative Crafts Textiles, Spices, Carpet, Jewelry, Decorative Crafts Indian Ocean Free Trade Indian Ocean Free Trade

3. Era of Explorers The closing down of Oceanic Sea Lanes to Europeans The closing down of Oceanic Sea Lanes to Europeans New Voyages and New Ideas Marco Polo (c. 1254 – January 8, 1324), Niccolò de' Conti (1385–1469) New Voyages and New Ideas Marco Polo (c. 1254 – January 8, 1324), Niccolò de' Conti (1385–1469) The Rise of New European Powers and Sea Voyages The Rise of New European Powers and Sea Voyages Search for Oceanic Trade Route to India Search for Oceanic Trade Route to India

4. European Strategy New Sea warfare New Sea warfare 1510 Goa, Malacca 1511, Hormuz 1515, 1510 Goa, Malacca 1511, Hormuz 1515, Dutch East India (CompanyVereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC March 20, in Dutch, literally "United East Indies Company" ( 1602) Dutch East India (CompanyVereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC March 20, in Dutch, literally "United East Indies Company" ( 1602)DutchEast IndiesDutchEast Indies English East India (1600-1873) English East India (1600-1873) French East India Company (1664–1769 ) French East India Company (1664–1769 ) Transformation of Indian Ocean Trade Transformation of Indian Ocean Trade Global Process of Accumulation of Capital Global Process of Accumulation of Capital Trade in India must be conducted and maintained under the protection and favour of your weapons, and the weapons must be supplied from the profits enjoyed by the trade, so that trade cannot be maintained without war or war without trade." (from Auguste Toussaint's: History of the Indian Ocean) Dutch Jan Pieterzoon Coen (1614)

5. From Trading Empire to Coastal Power Centers Trade Rivalries and Fortified Trading Establishments Trade Rivalries and Fortified Trading Establishments Economic impact of European trading companies Economic impact of European trading companies Political impact of European trading companies Political impact of European trading companies

6. Indian Social Organization Trade and commerce in India Trade and commerce in India Indian ocean trade Indian ocean trade Banking families Banking families Co-operation and conflicts with Europeans Co-operation and conflicts with Europeans Bulwarks of new empire Bulwarks of new empire From Mercantilism to Free Trade From Mercantilism to Free Trade