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Chapter 5 Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike Organisms
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Primary Producers
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Organisms that make their own food Carbon fixers Autotrophs
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Prokaryotes
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Simple cells No internal membranes No Organelles No Nucleus
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Bacteria
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Prokaryotic cells found in large numbers everywhere Main form of reproduction is mitosis
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Heterotrophic Bacteria
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Non-photosynthetic bacteria Mostly decomposers Found in sediment
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Autotrophic Bacteria
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Photosynthetic bacteria on the Earth’s surface Chemosynthetic bacteria near hydrothermal vents
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Bloom
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An explosion of growth & reproduction of a species due to optimum conditions
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Blue-Green Algae
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Phylum: Cyanophyta Cyanobacteria
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Characteristics Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual reproduction
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Distinguishing Prokaryotic, deposits CaCO 3 (Stromatolites), top producer world-wide, blue-green pigment, helps cause red tides
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Stromatilites
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Calcium carbonate deposited by blue- green algae that build up on the ocean floor to make large mounds
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Calcium carbonate deposits that build up on the ocean floor White cliffs of Dover
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Algae
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General term for any photosynthetic organisms that are not true plants
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Red Tides
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Condition when several organisms emit reddish toxins that cause fish kills
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Protista
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Single cellular eukaryotes & multi-cellular algae
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Diatoms
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Phylum : Crysophyta
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Characteristics Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual
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Distinguishing Eukaryotic, yellow- brown pigment, glass shell, (deposits silicon dioxide), top producer in temperate to polar zones
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Dinoflagellates
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Phylum: Pyrrhophyta
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Characteristics Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual
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Distinguishing Eukaryotic, cellulose shell, 2 uneven flagella, bioluminescence, can live within other organisms, top producer in Tropics
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Other Photosynthetic Protists
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Silicoflagellates, Coccolithophorids Cryptomonads
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Protozoa Heterotrophic or animal-like protists
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Foraminiferans Protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell
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Radiolarians Protozoan with a glass shell
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Ciliates Protozoan with hairlike structures on its surface that is used for mobility
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Pseudopodia False feet Oozing cytoplasm
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Ooze Fine sediment on the ocean floor
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Calcareous Ooze Fine sediment made up of calcium carbonate
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Siliceous Ooze Fine sediment from silicates or silicone dioxide
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Diatomaceous Ooze Fine sediment from diatom shells
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Foramaceous Ooze Fine sediment made from the shells of forams
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Radiolarian Ooze Fine sediment made from radiolarian shells
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Multi-cellular Algae: Seaweed
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Parts of Seaweed
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Thallus: entire structure Rhizoid: root-like struct. Stipe: stem-like structure Blade: leaf-like structure Pneumatocysts: air sacs
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Types of Seaweed
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Green Algae Red Algae Brown Algae
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Green Algae Phylum: Chlorophyta Characteristics: mostly unicellular, bright green, small
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Red Algae Phylum: Rhodophyta Characteristics: also small, red pigment, most species, some deposit CaCO 3
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Brown Algae Phylum: Phaeophyta Characteristics: True seaweed, most complex. Ex: Kelp
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Sargasso Weed Floating seaweed Lacks rhizoid In Sargasso Sea
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Seaweed Economics Food source Algin Carrageenan
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Fungi
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Lichens A symbiotic relationship between fungi & algae Encrusts rocks near sea shore
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Marine Plants
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Seagrasses
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Eelgrass: Temperate Turtle grass: Tropical Manatee grass: Tropical Surf grass: Binds to rocks in the surf
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Marsh Grasses
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Cord grass or Spartina grass: found in the marshy area above the highest tides
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Mangrove Trees
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A tropical shrub-like tree that is salt tolerant, can colonize the surf zone, & has above ground root system
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