1. Patterns in a community

2. Community
Is all the organisms that live within a defined area and their interactions
What are the 3 patterns you NEED to be aware of?
Zonation, stratification, and succession

3. Stratifiction
Distinct vertical layering of plants that occurs as a response to abiotic factors

4. Canopy – Kauri, Rimu, Totara

5. Sub-canopy- lancewood, kowhai

6. Shrub layer – Rangiora, Kawakawa

7. Ground layer – mosses, liverworts

8. Leaf Layer – invertebrates, leaf litter

9. Vines (lianas) and Epiphytes

10. Zonation
Horizontal bands of organisms that occur across a particular habitat or area, due to a environmental factor

11. Zonation on the rocky shore
Tidal movement.
(i.e. exposure to sea water and air)
Competition for space and food increases down the shore from high to low tide.

14. Zonation on Mt Ruapehu
Temperature or altitude change from bottom to top.
Zonation in plant species.
Moving down the mountain, competition between plants for light, space and nutrients increases.

15. Zonation
The plants and animals in the various zones, have different adaptations to fit slightly different environments.
Over-lap into other zones
POL: Factors that lead to zones on a rocky shore p.g

16. Factors that lead to zones on the rocky shore
Exposure to air:
Periwinkles and barnacles (found at the top end), can glue themselves into a crevice or shut their trapdoors.
Seaweeds are found in the pools or lower down as they dry out.

17. Greater exposure to extremes of temperature
Salinity
Lack of food while the tide is out
e.g. Limpets and cats-eyes need to be covered with water before they can start eating

18. Light
Green seaweeds highest, brown, and red is the lowest
Wave action
Organisms higher up on the shore need to be able to fix themselves tightly to the rock e.g. barnacles, mussels, kelp (permanently) or periwinkles, chitons and limpets (temporarily).

19. Succession
The change in species over time
Primary and Secondary

20. Primary Succession
Occurs when plants start to grow on an area that had no previous life.
Starts on bare land
New Sand dunes on a shore, cooled lava from volcanic eruption, or an area behind a retreating glacier

21. Secondary Succession
Occurs when previously inhabited land is cleared by an environmental event such as a landslide, fire, flood, human activity
The soil however is intact

22. Gap-phase regeneration
Secondary Succession
Catastrophe Cycle
Deflected
Gap-phase regeneration

23. Succession Dictation (Primary)
Listen and draw 