1. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy RSVP Safety and Environmental Protection Issues E. Lessard Associate Chair for ESHQ Collider-Accelerator Department

2. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 2 Basic Changes to AGS and Extraction  New magnet systems within the AGS  New AGS extraction line to Building 912

3. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 3 Basic Changes to Building 912  Two new target caves  Two new beam dumps  New activated soil areas  New activated beam-line components

4. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 4 Stakeholder Concerns for C-AD  Community Groundwater contamination from cooling water leak (Newsday) Soil activation (Citizens Advisory Committee) Skyshine (BNL community)  Regulators Suffolk County: groundwater contamination from leaks –County wants all groundwater to be protected as drinking water –County wants secondary containment for all tritiated water systems –County wants alarms and monitoring for all tritiated water systems DOE: groundwater contamination from activated soil EPA: radioactive air emissions EPA: soil contamination from outdoor storage of shielding

5. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 5 RSVP Radiological Aspects  Contamination in air at target and beam dump  Tritium contamination in cooling systems (H 2 O, He)  Radioactive waste  Radioactive atmospheric discharges  Radioactive liquid effluents  Storage/use of radioactive material  Soil activation  High residual radiation levels at the target area  Moderate residual radiation from activated materials  Very high in-beam radiation levels  Radiation worker dose  Skyshine

6. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 6 Radiation Protection Design Policy  Prevent contamination of the ground water  Site-boundary dose equivalent < 5 mrem per year  On-site dose to people (non-C-A) < 25 mrem per year  C-AD areas where access is not controlled < 20 mrem  Rad Worker - continuous < 0.5 mrem in one hour  Rad Worker - incremental < 1000 mrem per year

7. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 7 ALARA Design Policy  ALARA triggers (loss limits) for incremental beam Operations procedures to bound losses Beam current transformers and loss monitors with alarm limits  Long-term monitoring for integrated beam loss Residual radiation surveys Soil coupon monitors (i.e., small containers filled with sand)  Shielded storage area for component storage and repair  Modular concrete and steel shielding  Caps over soil if > 5% of the Drinking Water Standard

8. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 8 Estimated Radiation Levels at Target  MECO (5 runs assumed, 4x10 20 protons total) 8x10 19 protons/run, 7.5 GeV/c, 20-week run, Pt Target 60 Curies in target at end of first run 100 R/h at end of run; 40 R/h after 1 day  KOPIO (5 runs assumed, 9x10 20 protons total) 1.8x10 20 protons/run, 25.5 GeV/c, 20-week run, Pt Target 340 Curies in target at end of first run 220 R/h at end of run; 140 R/h after 1 day

9. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 9 Access Control System Requirements  PLCs  Gates  Alarms  CATV  Chipmunk Radiation Monitors  Cables  Iris Scanner  Key Trees  Testing

10. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 10 AGS Average Was 10 to 13 TP/s at 24 GeV in 1995  Loss was about 1% or more anywhere in AGS: Trenches at Switchyard, 40 to 50 mrem/h South Wiring Tunnel, 20 to 30 mrem/h AGS 913D Fan House, 10 to 50 mrem/h South Plug Door, 2 to 15 mrem/h AGS 913B Fan House, 10 to 12 mrem/h  Need to grow to average of: 20 TP/s for KOPIO (25.5 GeV/c) 40 TP/s for MECO (7.5 GeV/c)

11. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 11 RSVP Environmental Aspects  Regulated Industrial Waste  Hazardous Waste  Mixed Waste  Radioactive Waste  Atmospheric Discharges  Liquid Discharges  Storage/Use Of Chemicals or Radioactive Material  Soil Activation  Power and Water Consumption  Sensitive/Endangered Species and Sensitive Habitats

12. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 12 RSVP Environmental Issues  Sole source aquifer  A few tens of cubic feet per year hazardous waste  A few hundred cubic feet per year radioactive waste  Low-level radiation exposures to workers and community  NY State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit  NESHAPs airborne emission evaluation  Potential to contaminate groundwater may be controversial

13. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 13 Driver for Capping AGS Ring

14. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 14 AGS Monitoring Wells, 1997

15. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 15 AGS Monitoring Wells, 2003

16. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 16 g-2 Soil-Shield Experience  3x10 18 Protons Lost Prior to g-2 Berm Cap  Loss equals 0.33% of KOPIO Beam

17. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 17 g-2 Caps Over Soil Shielding Existing Dump Cap Over SoilNew Cap Over Soil Leading to g-2

18. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 18 g-2 Experience Post Berm Cap  4x10 17 Protons Lost Post Cap  Loss equals 0.04% of KOPIO Beam

19. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 19 KOPIO and MECO Cooling Issues  Radioactive cooling systems  Cooling tower with isolated closed loops  System controls to monitor and react to water leaks  All tritiated water systems to comply with Article 12  Groundwater monitoring wells needed  ~600 mCi of 3 H (KOPIO cooling water)  NESHAPS assessment for tritiated boil-off in MECO, if any Explosion and ODH issues if LN2 is used

20. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 20 Tritium and Water Issues in Building 912  Target/dump are 6-m above maximum water-table height Shields will be designed to avoid direct groundwater activation  Waterproofing Building 912 floor near dump and target  Roof of Building 912 is being repaired ($2x10 6 DOE funds)

21. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 21 Occupational Safety Aspects  Non-ionizing radiation exposure  Working with hazardous or toxic materials  Exposure to electrical hazards  Oxygen deficiency hazards  Kinetic energy hazards  Potential energy hazards  Thermal energy hazards  Cryogenic temperatures

22. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 22 Electrical Safety / Fire Safety / Cryogenic Safety / Equipment Handling Issues  Damaged/aging AGS Ring and Booster components: Magnets, cables and breakers need to be repaired, replaced  Experimental safety reviews required, for example: Equipment must meet UL or equivalent Experimental layout must be OSHA compliant  Electrical safety reviews required Quench protection and power supplies  Cryogenic reviews required ODH, controls and pressure vessels  Critical lift reviews

23. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 23 RSVP ESHQ Documentation Aspects  National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)  Permits (NESHAPS, SPDES)  DOE Authorization Documents: Safety Assessment Document (SAD) Accelerator Safety Envelope (ASE) Accelerator Readiness Review (ARR)

24. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 24 NEPA Requirements  Pre-Construction Needs: Baseline groundwater monitoring Baseline external radiation monitoring Environmental Assessment and FONSI (done) –Covered by AGS EA #0909 Air and water emissions permits

25. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy 25 RSVP Commissioning / Operations Requirements  Safety Assessment Document (Complete) Site and facility descriptions Descriptions of ESH and operations programs Safety analysis Quality assurance program description Decommissioning plan  Needed: Environmental Process Evaluations Facility Risk Assessments Job Risk Assessments Accelerator Safety Envelope Accelerator Readiness Review } } DOE Order 420.2B