1. By: Chandler Kuczynski, Meladie Roberson, Valentina Colon
Rwanda 1
By: Chandler Kuczynski, Meladie Roberson, Valentina Colon

2. Background
On April 6th , 1994 a plane with Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana and the President of Burndi was shot down as it approached Kigali, the capital of Rwanda
Between April and July ,000 to 1 million Tutsis were killed by RAF ( Rwandan Armed Forces )
Genocide was implemented by politico- military extremists in government

3. Important Groups RPF- Rwandan Patriotic Front (Tutsi)
FAR- Rwandan Armed Forces ( Hutu)
RPA- Rwandan Patriotic Army (Hutu)
UN- United Nations
MSF- Médecins Sans Frontières, or Doctors Without Borders
Interahamwe- militia supporting Hutu led government

4. Genocide Definition
Genocide- the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation

5. Major Ethnic Groups Hutus Tutsis Descendants of Ham Round faced
Flat nosed
Darker
Shorter
Nomads
People who live around the Nile River Valley
Lighter
Thinner noses
More European features
Taller

7. Relationship between Hutus and Tutsis
Belgians put racial categories on ID cards
Without it, it would have been harder to determine who was Hutu and who was Tutsi
1957 Hutu Manifesto
“Democratic” rule
Majority rule  Hutu rule
Hamitic Hypothesis

8. Pre-Genocide

9. Pre- Genocide Hutu violence against Tutsis had bee going on since 1959
Rwanda became was granted independence from Belgium in 1962
Tutsis are the minority but wealthy
Government was majority Hutu
Many massacres of Tutsis before 1994 but on a small scale
(2000 total)
UN set up a peace keeping mission on Rwandan border in 1993
Between 1900 and 1993 RPF tries invading Rwanda
RPF stops invasion with talk of Arusha Accords

10. President Habyarimana’s Death
August 1993, President Habyarimana was going to sign a peace agreement in Arusha, Tanzania
President Habyarimana’s plane was shot down
Gave motivation to Hutus to eliminate Tutsis
Majority of the 800,000 victims were Tutsi
75% of the Tutsi population
Dehumanised
‘Cockroaches’
Approximately 50,000 Hutus were also murdered
Suspected of disloyalty

11. Two Paramilitary Organizations
Interahamwe (‘those who work together’)
Impuzamugambi (‘those who have only one aim’)
Composed of:
Young men
Often unemployed/landless
Reservists
Students
Officers included many professionals (doctors and teachers)
Estimated that 200,000 took part in killings

12. Factors Influencing Genocide
Radio-Television Libre des Mille Collines
Kangura (magazine)
1990 published Hutu ‘Ten Commandments’
Instructions to see every Tutsi as a traitor
Not to trust them
No business with them
Not allowing them to be teachers of their children
Not allowing them to serve in the army or state
Not to show them any mercy

13. Outside forces

14. UNAMIR Canadian General Romeo Dallaire
January 19, 1994, informant in Interahamwe told Dalliere plans to kill civilians
Secrete weapon dumps
Machetes were being shipped in large quantities
Plan to kill Belgian troops
Eventually force the UN to pull out
Dalliere sent fax to NY with this information
Request to seize weapons was rejected

15. Outside Powers
U.S.A and Britain avoided the use of the word ‘genocide’
Use of it would obligate them to act
France backed the regime against the RPF
Armed Hutu state
Trained its soldiers
Possibly its paramilitaries

16. During Genocide and RPF Movement
Hutu government started massacring the Tutsi
Paramilitaries
RPF leader Paul Kagame said if killings didn’t stop he would attack
RPF came down from Uganda in 3 fronts

17. MSF

18. ‘Genocide’ MSF did not use the term ‘genocide’
Wouter Van Empelen claims that “MSF did not know what was going on… I was not aware of information from MSF people that there was this tension in the country; that the Hutu were planning to kill the Tutsi.”
MSF agreed on:
Calling the international community to reinforce the UN presence in Rwanda as quickly as possible.
Calling on the Security Council to block French offer.

19. Our Opinion MSF should have given better reports to UN
Could have called the killings ‘genocides’ sooner
Numerous lives could have been saved
French should not have intervened with this
We would have intervened before it got out of hand
Would have saved more lives
We would have insisted for other nations to help and join in the efforts to end these massacres that grew into a genocide

20. K byeee!